كليدواژه :
صفت فعلي , نقش نحوي , معادل يابي , واحد ترجمه , زبان روسي , زبان فارسي
چكيده فارسي :
در اين پژوهش سعي بر آن است تا با بررسي صفت فعلي در ساختار جملات روسي و ترجمه هاي موجود، راهكارهايي براي معادل يابي دقيق اين مقوله دستوري، به زبان فارسي ارايه شود. در اين جستار كه با استفاده از شيوه تحقيق مقابله اي و آناليز مثال ها و ترجمه ها انجام شده است، با هدف آزمودن اين فرضيه كه نقش نحوي صفت فعلي زبان روسي در معادل يابي درست اين مقوله دستوري در زبان فارسي مي تواند موثر باشد، 90 جمله داراي صفت فعلي به طور تصادفي از ترجمه هاي آثاري نظير آشيانه اشراف ايوان تورگنف، جنگ و صلح لف تولستوي و بازرس نيكولاي گوگول انتخاب شده است و معادل هايي كه براي صفت فعلي در زبان فارسي در نظر گرفته شده اند، با رويكرد نقش محور بررسي شده اند. پرسش اصلي تحقيق اين است: آيا صفات فعلي مي توانند يك واحد حداقلي براي ترجمه در متن مبدا باشند و با واحدهاي مستقل زباني در زبان فارسي معادل يابي شوند؟ آيا ترجمه هاي ارايه شده مفهوم دقيق صفت هاي فعلي زبان روسي را منعكس مي كنند؟ راه حل چيست؟ نتايج پژوهش حاكي از آن است كه در ترجمه هاي موجود رويه يكساني براي معادل يابي اين مقوله دستوري اتخاذ نشده است و معادل ها داراي دقت كافي نيستند. بنابراين، پيشنهاد پژوهش حاضر مي تواند براي معادل يابي دقيق صفات فعلي در زبان روسي به منزله يك واحد ترجمه، كار آمد باشد. از دستاوردهاي پژوهش حاضر مي توان در ترجمه هاي ماشيني و الكترونيكي استفاده كرد
چكيده لاتين :
The present investigation has been tried to study participles in the structure
of the Russian sentences, the current translations and although it has been
provided approaches for accurate matching this category of the grammatical
area in the Persian Language. In this study, the constructive method,
analysis of examples and translations have been used. Regarding examining
the hypothesis that the syntactic role of participles of the Russian language
could be effective for correct interpreting of this case in the Persian
language, 90 sentences including participles have randomly selected from
novels interpreted from Russian into Persian. For instance; Home of the
Gentry by Turgenev, War, and Peace by Leo Tolstoy and The Government
Inspector by Nikolai Gogol were picked and the procedure of the translating
was assessed, finally, the equivalents considered for the participles were
examined. The principal hypothesis for the research is: could the participle,
as a unit of translation in the Russian text, find a suitable equivalent among
the linguistic units of the Persian language? Whether the provided
translations reflect the exact meaning of the adjective verbs in the Russian
language? What is the solution? The history of linguistic research in the field
of the Russian language proves that the question of the lexical and
grammatical characteristics of participles was very controversial. The
existence or absence of this grammatical category in Persian also raises
many questions, and a lot of research has been done in these areas. Despite
the research done, there are still many problems in this area. The novelty of
this study lies in the fact that for the first time it considers the Russian
participle a translation unit when translated from Russian into Persian.
Taking into account the basic rules include translating from Russian into
Persian, further we will check the correctness of the hypothesis and
proposals of our research. Some scholars believe that each of the
morphological and syntactic structures used in the original language is an
individual style of the author, and if we intend to make an original and
correct translation, we must preserve the morphological and syntactic
structure of the original text. In this study, it is assumed that the participle in
Russian can be considered a unit of translation into Persian, and the
translator can take into account the syntactic role of the participle in the
sentence and choose a logical approach for its accurate translation. Based on
the basic needs of translation, the following suggestions are provided for
translating Russian language participles into Persian:
1.If we have the participial constructions in a Russian sentence, to
translate it into Persian we must use an explanatory dependent sentence with
the conjunction
2.If a participle precedes a noun and serves a descriptive role, it must be
translated using the adjective or adjectival phrases or the adjectives formed
based on verbs;
3.In order to translate the substantive participles of the Russian language
into Persian, we must use Persian nouns.
4.In order to translate a participle that has a propositional role, we must
use a conjugated Persian verb.
Of the 90 examples reviewed, translation of 46 sentences matched the
hypothesis of our study; however, in the translation of 44 cases, either the
participle was not translated at all, or there was no exact equivalent for it, or
words that do not exist in the original text were used to convey the meaning
of the participle. Consideration of the research hypothesis showed that in the
examples there are cases when their translation corresponded to the research
hypothesis, and cases when the proposed rule was not used to translate them.
We considered these cases and the possibility of correcting them using the
hypothesis of our research. For example this Russian sentence «
is passive, but for it translation in
Persian was used active sentence .
Because of this, the structure and atmosphere of the Russian and Persian
sentences are different. The proposed translation, corresponding to the
hypothesis of our research, is as follows: Obviously, using these two sentences in conversational situations will
have different consequences for listeners. Whereas the translation should be
provoked a reaction similar to the original text. In this Russian sentence:
can be replaced by a descriptive combination according to the research
The participle was made of the verb «)*$!"+,47», and the concept of
passing, which is at the root of the verb, must be reflected in the translation
of the participle. An analysis of existing translations and a review of the
translatability of examples in accordance with the hypothesis of our study
confirms the effectiveness of this hypothesis in choosing equivalents for
various types of participles in Russian. The participles of the Russian
language can be considered as a unit of translation into Persian.
By defining the syntactic role of participles and using the hypothesis presented from this study to translate different types of participles, a step can
be taken to standardize the translation of participles. In addition, it is
possible to use the achievements of this research in machine and electronic
translation.
