بررسي اثر زمان مصرف كود شيميايي و تراكم بنه بر عملكرد زعفران در شرايط ديم منطقه دماوند

Effect of ch emical fertilizer time application and corm density on saffron (Crocus sativus L.) yield in rainfed conditions of Damavand

زﻋﻔﺮان (Crocus sativus L.) داراي اﻣﺘﯿﺎزات وﯾﮋه اي از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ، ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب از ﻟﺤﺎظ زﻣﺎن ﻧﺰوﻻت آﺳﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ، زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻬﺎر و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ اﺷﺘﻐﺎل زاﯾﯽ زﯾﺎد ﺑﻮده و ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ درآﻣﺪي ﻓﺮاوان ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺎورزان ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻐﺬﯾﮥ ﮐﻮدي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﯽ در اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ و دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺼﻮل زﻋﻔﺮان در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1392 ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻨﻪ و ﺗﻐﺬﯾﮥ ﮐﻮدي در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ زراﻋﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ دﯾﻢ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ ﻫﻤﻨﺪ آﺑﺴﺮد دﻣﺎوﻧﺪ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت و در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮك ﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺳﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ )15، 30 و 45 ﺑﻨﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ، ﺳﻪ زﻣﺎنﮐﻮد دﻫﯽ )ﺑﻬﺎر، ﺑﻬﺎرـ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ، ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻨﻪ و ﮐﻮد ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻞ و وزن ﮐﻼﻟﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﮏ در ﺻﺪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﯾﺪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ 45 ﺑﻨﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﺎ 157542 ﻋﺪد ﮔﻞ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ 15ﺑﻨﻪ در ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﮐﻪ 89442 ﻋﺪد ﮔﻞ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻧﻤﻮد، ﺣﺪاﮐﺜﺮ اﺛﺮ را ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد زﻋﻔﺮان ﻧﺸﺎن داد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﮐﺎﺷﺖ ﮔﯿﺎه زﻋﻔﺮان در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ، ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﺷﺘﻐﺎل ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ اي اﯾﺠﺎد ﻧﻤﻮد.

Saffron has special advantages such as low water requirement, the optimal growing season precipitation during fall, winter and spring, a lot of other jobs and one of the many sources of income for farmers. Influence of fertilizers (20, 50 and 20 N-P-K) on yield and yield components of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) was evaluated in dryland farming conditions in 2013. Integrated research on pasture and medicinal plants was conducted in Hamand Absard station. A Split plot design based on complete randomized block design was donewith two factors consisted of density (15, 30 and 45 corm/ha) as main factor and fertilizers application time (Normal, spring, spring-autumn and autumn) as sub factor in three replications. The results showed that the corm density and fertilizer application times were significant on flower number and stigma weight. The mean comparison findings indicated that, 45 corm/ha (157542 flower number in hectar) compare to 15 corm/ha (89442 flower number in hectar) had the maximum yield and yield components of saffron.So according to mentioned results, saffron cultivation in dryland agriculture was successful and can creat considerable employment.