بررسي تطبيقي ميزان تناسبات حاكم در اصول صفحه‌آرايي قرآن‌هاي مذهب عصر تيموري موجود در موزه‌هاي آستان قدس رضوي و آستانه مقدسه قم

A Comparative Study of Governing Proportions on Principles of the Timurid Quranic Scriptures in Astan-e Quds Razavi and Astaneh Moghaddas Qom Museums

ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در راﺳﺘﺎي ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﻮري ﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي آﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﺪس رﺿﻮي و آﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﻪ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي ﺣﺎﮐﻢ در ﺻﻔﺤﻪآراﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﻮري ﻣﯽﭘﺮدازد. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت در اﺻﻮل ﺻﻔﺤﻪآراﯾﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﻣﯿﺰان اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺎي ﺷﺎﺧﺺ و ﻏﺎﻟﺐ در ﺻﻔﺤﻪ آراﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎي دو ﻣﻮزه ﻧﺎمﺑﺮده را ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ وﺟﻮه اﺷﺘﺮاك و اﻓﺘﺮاق ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ/ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ آﺛﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ-ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪف ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮔﺮدآوري ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي و ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ از ﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم رﺳﯿﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪودﯾﺖ ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺧﺬ ﻧﺴﺨﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﻣﻮزه ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ اﻧﺪك ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎوره ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن ﺧﺒﺮه اﯾﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎ، ﺑﻪ روش ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ، آﺛﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ داراي ﺻﻔﺤﺎت اﻓﺘﺘﺎح و ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻟﺬا 5 ﻣﺼﺤﻒ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ از ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮزه ﻣﻨﺘﺨﺐ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ آﻣﺎري ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS و از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ آزﻣﻮن آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت و درﺻﺪﮔﯿﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺣﺎﮐﻢ در اﺻﻮل ﺻﻔﺤﻪآراﯾﯽ و ﻗﻄﻊ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ از ﻣﻮزهﻫﺎي ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻃﻼﯾﯽ و ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ ﭘﻮﯾﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻃﻼﯾﯽ، ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ ﭘﻮﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و ﻗﻄﻊ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت آﺛﺎر ﻗﻢ ﺑﺎ 52/8 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آﺛﺎر رﺿﻮي ﺳﻨﺠﯿﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ آراﯾﯽ و ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ آن ﺑﺎ دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺎدرﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺴﺒﺖﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ اﯾﺴﺘﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﮐﻪ آﺛﺎر رﺿﻮي ﺑﺎ 57/6 درﺻﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آﺛﺎر ﻗﻢ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﯿﺎس ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺮآﯾﻨﺪ اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و اﺻﻠﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺻﻔﺤﻪ آراﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎي ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ﻣﺬﻫﺐ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻗﻄﻊﮐﺎﻏﺬ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺳﺎﯾﺰ ﺧﻮﺷﻨﻮﯾﺴﯽ و ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﯿﺰ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﻣﺴﻄﺮﮐﺸﯽ، ﻧﻮع ﻓﺮم و ﮐﺎرﮐﺮد ﺗﺬﻫﯿﺐﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﮐﻨﻨﺪهاي در ﺗﺮﺳﯿﻢ داﺧﻠﯽ آراﯾﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﺎت دارﻧﺪ. ﺿﺎﺑﻄﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ در اﻧﺪازه ﮔﯿﺮي اوراق، ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﻃﻼﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Objective: The present research is aimed at introducing copies of the Qur'anic religion of the Timurid period at museums of Astan Quds Razavi and Astana Moghaddas in Qom to study the governing elements in the layout of the Quranic verses during the Timurid period. On the other hand, while describing the level of performance and the function of proportions in the principles of the layout in these versions, the measure of the indexes and dominant measurements in the layout of the versions is evaluated, analyzed and adapted. Research method/Statistical Society: This research has been done by descriptive research and has been investigated using an analytical-comparative approach and is applicable to the target. The collection of materials through library resources and the collection of religious Qur'anic versions have been carried out concerned to the field of the museums. Due to the limited number of copies obtained from the concerned museums, selection of the samples was small, and with advice of the experts in these sections, they were studied in a targeted way with openings and decorative plates. Therefore, five Qur'anic modifications were selected from each museum. The statistical analysis of the proportions in these versions was done by using SPSS software and by analyzing the variance of the calculations and percentages of ratios. Findings: The governing proportions in the principles of the layout and the interruption of the copies in Qur'ans studied from these museums are based on the golden and rectangular dynamic proportions. With considering the difference that the Golden proportions, the dynamic rectangle with the √2 criterion, and the discontinuity of the pages of Qom's works, are 52.5 percent higher than those of Razavi. In reviewing the layout and adapting it to other existing cadres, the proportions of the ruler based on static rectangular ratios were deduced, so that Razavi's works are 57.6 percent higher than the Qom works of this scale. Results: The results of this study showed that the most important and effective factor on the layout of Quranic versions in religion was the choice of cutting paper. The size of the calligraphy and writing in design and style, the type of form and the function of the illumination also play a crucial role in the internal design of the page layout. The index of gold index is used to measure the bonds.