اثر كاربرد عصاره جلبك دريايي بر كاهش سميت كروم در لوبيا چشم بلبلي(Vigna unguiculata L.)

Effect of seaweed extract application on reducing chromium toxicity in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺮوم در ﮔﯿﺎه ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ رﻗﻢ ﮐﺎﻣﺮان(، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﮔﻠﺪاﻧﯽ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ري در ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1398 اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ 8 ﺗﯿﻤﺎر و در 3 ﺗﮑﺮار اﺟﺮا ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮر اول ﺗﻨﺶ ﻓﻠﺰ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﮐﺮوم در 2 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ Ascophyllum nodosum در 4 ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺪم ﻣﺼﺮف، ﭘﯿﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺬر ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت 12 ﺳﺎﻋﺖ(، ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 7 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻟﯿﺘﺮ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺮوم، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف ﺑﻮﺗﻪ،ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻼف، وزن ﺻﺪ داﻧﻪ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، زﯾﺴﺖ ﺗﻮده و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ را ﮐﺎﻫﺶ داد. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﻮق ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺮوم ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺗﮏ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﺮوم ﺷﺎﻫﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 38/58 ﮔﺮم و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 7/64 ﮔﺮم از ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺮوم و ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﺑﻌﺒﺎرت دﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ در ﻫﺮ دو ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺮوم ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ را در ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺪم ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد آن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﻌﺎدل 90 و 94 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي ﻋﺼﺎره ﺟﻠﺒﮏ درﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻋﺪم ﺗﻨﺶ و ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﺮوم اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد.

In order to investigate the effect of seaweed extract application on the reduction of toxicity due to heavy metal chromium (Cr) stress in cowpea (cv. Kamran), a pot experiment was conducted in Shahre rey region in summer 2019. The research was a factorial experiment at the basis of completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 3 replications. In this experiment, the first factor was Cr stress at two levels including concentrations of 0 and 50 mg/kg of Cr from potassium dichromate source (K2Cr2O7) and the second factor was the application of seaweed extract (Ascophyllum nodosum) at four levels including no application, pre-treatment for 12 hours, two and three stages foliar application at the concentration of 7 mL/L. According to the results of this study, Cr stress (50 mg/kg) reduced number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 seed weight, grain yield, biomass and harvest index. On the other hand, application of seaweed extract improved the above traits under Cr stress. In this study, the highest seed yield per plant (38.58 g) was obtained from control treatment with three-stage foliar application of seaweed extract and the lowest grain yield per plant (7.64 g) was recorded in Cr stress conditions with no application of seaweed extract. In other words, three-stage foliar application of seaweed extract increased grain yield by 90 and 94% in both non-stress and Cr stress conditions, respectively. Therefore, based on these findings, three-stage foliar application of seaweed extract can be used to improve growth and yield of cowpea under non-stress and Cr stress conditions.