استناد، دانلود، اشاره و نشانه گذاري كتاب هاي الكترونيكي علمي: مطالعه موردي كتاب هاي اشپرينگر با استفاده از پلتفرم بوكمتريكس

Citations, Downloads, Mentions and Bookmarks of Scholarly E-Books: A Case Study of Springer Nature’s Books Using Bookmetrix Platform

ﻫﺪف: ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻨﺎد، داﻧﻠﻮد، اﺷﺎره و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪه از ﺳﻮي اﺷﭙﺮﯾﻨﮕﺮ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ، ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ در ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎزه زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ: اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ - ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي، دﮔﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 1184 ﮐﺘﺎب اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ، ﻋﻠﻮم اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ و ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎل 2013 ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ اﻧﺘﺸﺎراﺗﯽ اﺷﭙﺮﯾﻨﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﻮﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﮑﺲ، ﭘﻠﺘﻔﺮم اﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽ اﺷﭙﺮﯾﻨﮕﺮ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ، ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اس ﭘﯽ اس اس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ دارد، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺷﺎره در رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻮم ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان داﻧﻠﻮد و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﺑﻪ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﯽ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺣﺪاﻗﻞ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺎر داﻧﻠﻮد ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ، در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﻣﻌﺎدل 90/2 درﺻﺪ، ﺳﻬﻢ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻣﻌﺎدل 67/9 درﺻﺪ و ﺳﻬﻢ ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه در رﺳﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻌﺎدل 19/5 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ داﻧﻠﻮد ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ، ﺷﺶ ﻣﺎه ﺗﺎ ﻫﺠﺪه ﻣﺎه ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎ اﺗﻔﺎق اﻓﺘﺎده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه وﺟﻮد راﺑﻄﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار و ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺗﻌﺪاد اﺳﺘﻨﺎد، داﻧﻠﻮد، اﺷﺎره و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ در ﻫﺮ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺣﻮزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪﮔﯿﺮي: ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﯿﺰان داﻧﻠﻮد، اﺷﺎره و ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ در ﮐﻨﺎر ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻨﺎدي، ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﮐﺘﺎبﻫﺎي اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮏ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ. از اﯾﻦ رو آﺷﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺪاران و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ.

Objective: This research investigates the citation, usage, reach and readership of scholarly books published by Springer Nature in four areas of Pure Sciences, Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Social Sciences within three years after publication. Methodology: The current study is a descriptive – correlational research which is conducted using citation, altmetrics and usage-based indicators. The sample of study is comprised of 1184 electronic books from Springer published in 2013. The data was collected from Bookmetrix, Springer’s platform for monitoring the performance of books, which shows the number of citations in Crossref, the number of downloads in SpringerLink, the number of mentions in social media tools and the number of bookmarks in Mendeley. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS. Findings: Results of the study revealed that Springer books in pure sciences were more frequently cited than the other three subject areas. Like citation data, download statistics varied between scientific areas and the highest download count belonged to engineering books. Results showed that books in medicine received more social media attentions compared with those in social sciences, pure sciences and engineering. Regarding Mendeley bookmarks, the engineering books demonstrated the highest number of bookmarks among four studied research areas.All the studied books have been downloaded at-least once, while the proportion of bookmarked, cited and mentioned books was 90.2%, 67.9% and 19.5%, respectively. The highest number of downloads in all four subject areas was occurred 6 to 18 months after publication time. The results of running a series of correlation tests revealed statistically significant and positive associations among the number of citations, downloads, mentions and bookmarks in all four disciplines. Findings revealed that books with more download statistics also accumulated higher citation counts. The relationship between citations and downloads could be bilateral. On the one hand, early download may lead to more citations. On the other hand, documents may gain more attention and be downloaded because they acquire more visibility when they are cited. Conclusion: The results of the current study provide evidence that usage-based and social media-based metrics could act as the complement of traditional citation-based measures for assessing the impact of books and book chapters in a multidimensional way. This study also provides insights into different types of impact that scholarly books have and how they are being cited, downloaded and discussed in book-oriented and article-oriented disciplines. Librarians’ and researchers’ familiarity with alternative metrics are mandatory.