كليدواژه :
گويش ننجي , خويشاوندي , خطاب واژه , ارجاع واژه , جنسيت , مهاجرت
چكيده فارسي :
در اين مقاله، كاربرد اصطلاحات خويشاوندي و خطاب واژه ها در گويش ننجي بررسي و تحليل شده است. اين گويش، زبان مردم روستاي ننج شهرستان ملاير است. داده هاي پژوهش كه به روش ميداني و در گفتگوي مشاركتي با گويشوران ننجي گردآوري شده اند، در چهار بخش تحليل شده اند: اصطلاحات مربوط به خويشاوندان نسبي، اصطلاحات مربوط به خويشاوندان سببي، اصطلاحات خويشاوندي رضاعي و خويشاوندي ناشي از «عقد اخوت»، خطاب واژه هاي مربوط به غيرخويشاوندان. اين پژوهش نشان مي دهد كه اصطلاحات خويشاوندي و خطاب واژه هاي گويش ننجي متنوع و غني هستند. در عين حال دگرگوني مناسبات و پيوندهاي خانوادگي و اجتماعي، مهاجرت و شهرنشيني موجب كم كاربرد يا مهجور و منسوخ شدن شمار زيادي از اصطلاحات خويشاوندي و خطاب واژه هاي اين گويش و جايگزين شدن آنها با اصطلاحات رايج در فارسي معيار شده است. اين امر نمونه روشني است از حركت گويش ها و زبان هاي ايران در مسير هم ساني.
چكيده لاتين :
In this article, which is a descriptive – analytical research, and the first
research done about Nænæji dialect, the use of kinship terms and terms of
address in this dialect is studied. This dialect is spoken in village of Nænæj,
in Malayer County, Iran. Nænæji can be considered as a variety of Persian
being influenced by Lori, Laki, and Kurdish languages.
In “introduction”, some basic points about the research and its goals are
presented; then the village of Nænæj is briefly introduced; and finally the
main questions of the research are presented as:
1.Concerning age degree of the informants, what kinds of changes can be
seen in use of kinship terms and terms of address in Nænæji dialect, in recent
decades?
2. What are the causes of change in kinship terms and terms of address of
Nænæji dialect?
The data, gathered in a field work and through network participation in
the language community, are analyzed in four separate categories: kinship
terms coming from consanguinity, kinship terms coming from affinity,
kinship terms coming from RA and brotherhood formula (based on
Islamic jurisprudence or Fiqh), and address terms for nonrelatives. Data
have been analyzed through using concepts and terms of George Peter
Murdock and Lewis Henry Morgan. In other words, partly, this research is
based on what Murdock and Morgan have said about kinship terms in
different languages of the worlds.
In “review of the literature”, a number of researches done about the use
of kinship terms in different Iranian languages, namely Persian, Kurdish and
Gilaki, are reviewed, to show that the present research can complete the researches done in this field.
This research reveals, among the rest, that Nænæji has a rich array of
kinship terms and terms of address. Also, analysis of Nænæji kinship terms
coming from consanguinity, Nænæji kinship terms coming from affinity,
Nænæji kinship terms coming from RA, and Nænæji address terms for
nonrelatives, shows that in using all of them we see deep changes in recent
decades; in a way that decrease in variety of kinship terms and address terms
of the dialect is something clear. In fact, in recent decades, Nænæji kinship
terms have moved towards missing distinctions based on age, disappearance
of derivative and descriptive terms, and accepting standard Persian’s norms
and terms.
The research also reveals that today in Nænæji, the use of some of the
kinship terms and terms of address is restricted to middle and old age
groups. It also indicates that change in community relationships and family
structure, migration and urbanization are the causes of Nænæji kinship terms
and terms of address become obsolete and even extinct; and the standard
Persian equivalent substitute them. This is a clear example of dialect
levelling in Iran.
