طراحي، ساخت و ارزيابي يك دستگاه اندازه گيري فرسايش پذيري نسبي خاك به فرسايش بادي

Design, fabrication and evaluation of a measuring device for relative erodibility of soil to wind erosion

ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎدي، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ و ﮐﺎﻧﻮنﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎدي ﺣﺎﺋﺰ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، دﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺳﺒﮏ و ﮐﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﻨﺶ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺎد ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ذرات ﺧﺎك و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ذرات ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮ، ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ و ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺻﻮل ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه، ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺟﺮﯾﺎن ﺑﺎد ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﻣﻨﺪه و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﻣﯿﺰان ذرات ﺳﺴﺖ و ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺨﺰﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ اوﻟﯿﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺟﺰا و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ ﺷﺪه، دﺳﺘﮕﺎه در ﺻﺤﺮا ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ و ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮ در ﺻﺤﺮا و ﺑﺪون ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﺑﺮق ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺑﻮده، وزن ذرات ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺨﺰن ﻧﺸﺎندﻫﻨﺪه ﻣﯿﺰان ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﯽ اراﺿﯽ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ آزﻣﻮن ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎد اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮهﮔﯿﺮي از ﮐﯿﺴﻪ ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻫﻮا، از دﺳﺖ رﻓﺘﻦ ذرات رﯾﺰ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎرج از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار رﺳﯿﺪ و اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از ﻣﻘﺪار واﻗﻌﯽ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﮐﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺣﺴﺎﺳﯿﺖ ﺧﺎك ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه در اراﺿﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻤﺎل دﺷﺖ ﯾﺰد-اردﮐﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﺎدﺑﺮدﮔﯽ ﺧﺎك از زﯾﺮﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎي ﻧﺼﺐ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد، اﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ )R2=0/57( در ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎدﺑﺮدﮔﯽ داﺷﺘﻪ، ﺑﺪون اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺧﺎك اﻣﮑﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ اوﻟﯿﻪ اراﺿﯽ ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎدي وﺟﻮد دارد. اﯾﻦ دﺳﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﻪﻃﻮر واﻗﻌﯽ ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﺎدي ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪوﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺟﻬﺶ ذرات اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد را ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻧﻤﯽﮐﻨﺪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﺪﯾﺪي ﺑﺮاي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻓﺮﺳﺎﯾﺶﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺧﺎك و ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺤﻞ اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﮔﺮد و ﻏﺒﺎر دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ

With regards to the wind erosion phenomenon importance, it is vital to quick identification of areas that are sensitive to dust removal and wind erosion processes. In this research, a lightweight and efficient device is designed, fabricated and evaluated in order to create conditions for applying constant wind stress on soil particle surfaces and measuring erosive particles. The production of wind power by a blower and measuring the amount of loose and unstable particles that were harvested in the reservoir with the highest efficiency were the principles of designing the device. The prototype of the device was designed using components and parts, and the device was evaluated in the field. The device is usable by a user in the field without the need for a power generator and the weight of the particles collected in the tank indicates the relative erodibility of the test site to the wind. Using the air filter bag (tank), it was possible to achieve a minimum loss of fine particulate matter and has been reduced the measure of less than the actual amount of land erosion. The result of the comparison of the sensitivity of soil sensitivity to erosion by the device in desert lands of northern Yazd-Ardakan Plain with the height of winding of the soil with the installation of the index showed that this device has good capability (R2= 0.57) in the rapid detection of areas susceptible to wind and without measuring physical and chemical properties of the soil, there is an early identification of wind erosion-sensitive land. This device does not actually simulate the natural processes of wind erosion created by the particle saltation, but using it, a new index can be obtained for assessing soil erodibility and subsequently identified the location of dust emissions.