بررسي انتقادي تأثير نظريه تكامل بر مباني انسان‌شناختي علوم انساني

Critical Investigation of the Effect of Evolution Theory on the Anthropological Foundations of Humanities

ﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ را ﭼﺎرﻟﺰ داروﯾﻦ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ اي زﯾﺴﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧه مطرح ﮐﺮد. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻧﮕـﺎه ﺑـﻪ ﻋـﺎﻟمﺧﺎﻟﯽ از ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺘﺎﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺑﺴﺰا ﺑﺮ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺒﻮد، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮش در ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﮔـﺮ ﺑﯿﺸـﺘﺮ از ﻋﻠـ م زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﮔﺰارﺷﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻞ، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ آن ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺴـﺎن ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﯽ ﻋ م اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺣﻮزة ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﻧﺴﺎن در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺴﺘﯽ، اراده و اﺧﺘﯿـﺎر اﻧﺴـﺎن، ﮐﻤـﺎل ﻧﻬـﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن و ﺧﻠﻘﺖ اﻧﺴﺎن را ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ آن ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮدازﯾﻢ و ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷـﻨﺎﺧﺘ ﯽ ﻋﻠـ م اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮآﻣﺪه از ﻧﮕﺎه ﺗﮑﺎﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻟﻢ اﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ اﻧﺴﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺳـﻼﻣﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﻣـﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿـﺪ ﻣـﺎ هستند، ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ.

Initially, Charles Darwin put forward the ‘evolution theory’ as a biological theory in the scientific world. This sort of viewing the universe was not void of metaphysical results and had a great impact on humanities. Indeed, its effect on humanities was even more than its effect on biology. This study presents a report of evolution theory, its effect on anthropological foundations of humanities in five spheres, human’s truth, human’s status in the existence system, human’s will and liberty, human’s ultimate perfection and human’s creation to investigate them and show that the anthropological foundations of humanities emerged from the evolutionary view of the universe is not consistent with the anthropological foundations of Islamic humanities we support.