سنجش تاب آوري روستايي حوزه آبخيز حبله رود در شرايط خشكسالي

Rural resilience assesment in Hablehrood watershed with emphasis on drought

ﺗﺎب آوري ﯾﮑﯽ از راﻫﺒﺮدﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﺳﺖ. در ﻣﯿﺎن ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮات ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ، ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪات و ﺷﺪت رﻧﺞ ﺑﺮاي روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ. ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﺛﺮات ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ در ﮐﺸﻮر، ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﺎبآوري ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮه ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺶرو ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ-ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺳﻨﺠﺶ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﺎب آوري روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، اﺑﺘﺪا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺎب آوري روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﻤﻠﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺪ و ﺳﭙﺲ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ، اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﺟﻤﻊآوري و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار SPSS ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮدازش ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﮐﺸﺎورزان روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻮزه ﺣﺒﻠﻪ رود ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﻧﻪ روﺳﺘﺎ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﻮح ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﯽ از ﺧﺸﮑﺴﺎﻟﯽ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان 271 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. آزﻣﻮنﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺗﯽﺗﮏﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪاي، آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ و ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﺗﺎب آوري ﺟﻮاﻣﻊ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺣﻮزه آﺑﺨﯿﺰ ﺣﺒﻠﻪ رود در اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، رواﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ، ﻧﻬﺎدي و ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﮐﺎﻟﺒﺪي ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﺎب آوري ﮐﻞ در ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﺎر ﺻﻔﺮ ﺗﺎ 10 ﺑﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان 4/78 در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺳﺖ. ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ وﺟﻪ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺎب آوري، آﺳﯿﺐ‌ﭘﺬﯾﺮي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد، ﮔﺮاﯾﺶ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ آﺳﯿﺐ‌ﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﻣﺘﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻮده، از ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﺎب آوري در وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻧﺪارد.

Resilience is one of the strategies to reduce the vulnerability of communities in dealing with natural hazards. Among environmental hazards, drought is the most costly natural hazard due to the decrease in production and severity of suffering for villagers and farmers. Assessment of the effects of recent drought in the country, Indicators of low resilience of societies against this natural hazard are therefore indispensable for resilience of societies against drought. This is an applied research and has been done by descriptive-analytical method with the aim of measuring and evaluating the level of rural resilience in facing drought risk. To conduct research, using library resources, indicators and factors affecting rural resilience were identified and defined operationally. Then, using the field method and the questionnaire, the required information was gathered and the information collected using SPSS software Processed. The statistical population of the rural farmers is Hablehrood. For this purpose, 9 villages from different areas of the province with different levels of drought and development were selected and based on the Cochran formula, 271 farmers were selected as sample size. The tests used in this research are single sample T, Friedman test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results showed that the level of field fluctuation was at an undesirable level and lower than the average level, and the rural areas of Hablehrood watershed were at risk of drought occurrence in the vulnerability to resilience