برآورد عملكرد بالقوۀ گياهان ذرت علوفه‌اي و گوجه‌فرنگي بر اساس رژيم تابشي‌-گرمايي منطقۀ ابهر

Estimating the potential yield of forage maize and tomato crops under radiation-thermal condition of “Abhar” region, Iran

ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد رﻗﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ از ﯾﮏ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل در ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﻣﻌﯿّﻦ ﺑﺎ آب و ﻣﻮاد ﻣﻐﺬي ﮐﺎﻓﯽ و ﻋﺎري از آﻓﺎت و ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪاي ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﻘﺪار ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮه ﻣﺎدة ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ )TDM( ﺑﺮاي دو ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪاي و ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب رﺷﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس رژﯾﻢ ﺗﺎﺑﺸﯽ-ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﮥ اﺑﻬﺮ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل رﺷﺪ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ در ﺳﺎل 1398 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد TDM و داﻧﻪ در ارﻗﺎم ﻫﯿﺒﺮﯾﺪي ذرت ﻣﺘﺤﻤّﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ در واﺣﺪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ 3/5، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ 52 درﺻﺪ و ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ 125 روز، ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﺣﺪود 28/67 و 14/91 ﺗُﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺑﻮد. ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻇﺮاً، ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺮگ 2/8، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ 65 درﺻﺪ و ﻓﺼﻞ رﺷﺪ 148 روزه، ﻣﻌﺎدل 212 ﺗُﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿّﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﮥ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺳﺒﺰﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻮﺗﻪﻫﺎ و ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺷﺪن ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﻮل ﭼﺮﺧﮥ رﺷﺪ ﮔﯿﺎه ذرت و ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ، ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯿﺎري آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 703/9 و 830/1 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮآورد ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رود.

Potential yield of a specific crop cultivar is obtained when it is grown with water and nutrients non-limiting and biotic stress (pest and diseases) effectively controlled. In 2019, a study was conducted to estimate the potential Total Dry Matter (TDM) of forage maize and tomato under optimum growth conditions, using FAO growth model under climatic condition of Abhar region, Iran. The results showed that the potential yield of TDM and the grain in hybrid cultivars of maize which are tolerant to high plant density with leaf area index of 3.5, harvest index of 52% and growing season of 125 days, will be about 28.67 and 14.91 t.ha-1, respectively. The potential yield of tomato with leaf area index of 2.8, harvest index of 65% and growing season length of 148 days will be 212 t.ha-1.Considering the perennial nature of the latter; its yield might be increased by prolonging the harvesting period. According to the length of growth season of maize and tomato crops, the irrigation water requirement was estimated 703.9 and 830.1 mm, respectively. Findings of the study may be applied in improving the yield of study crops using revised management options under climatic conditions of the region.