«علل دگرگشت نام شخصيت‌ها در قصه‌هاي مثنوي»

The Causes of Changing the Names of the Characters in the Tales of Mathnawi

ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺎم ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ در ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎ دارد. ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ اﻏﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ واﺳﻄﮥ ﻧﺎﻣﺸﺎن، ﻧﻘﺶ ﺧﻮد را در درون ﻣﺎﯾﻪ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪد آنﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ درون ﻣﺎﯾﻪ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﻧﺎمﻫﺎ، ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮي در ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻓﻀﺎي ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﮥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻦ و ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺎر ﺑﯿﺮوﻧﯽ آن ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬارﻧﺪ. از ﻧﻈﺮ رواﯾﺖ-ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، اﯾﻦ ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎﯾﺸﺎن را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن ﻧﺸﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ داد، از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎري ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺎمﮔﺬاري ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﺑﮥ آﻓﺮﯾﻨﺶ آن ﭼﯿﺰ اﺳﺖ و ﮔﺰﯾﻨﺶ ﻧﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي اﺷﺨﺎص داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻫﻨﺮيﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﮕﺮدﻫﺎ در ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ آنﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن اﺳﺖ؛ اﻣﺎ دﮔﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺎم اﺷﺨﺎص ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺑﺪﯾﻊﺗﺮﯾﻦ روشﻫﺎ در ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﭘﺮدازي اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮﻟﻮي ﺑﺎ اﺗﺨﺎذ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ روﯾﮑﺮدي در ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﭘﺮدازي، ﺿﻤﻦ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﻪ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺒﺎن در ﭘﯽ دﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ راﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻨﺶ ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ او ﻧﯿﺰ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎر ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎ و ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮزﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎنﮔﻮﯾﯽ ﺑﺮاي رﺳﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ داﻧﮥ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﯽ. ازآﻧﺠﺎ ﮐﻪ در ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﻣﺜﻨﻮي، ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎ، اﻧﺪك اﺳﺖ، ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ راوي، ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎنﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺴﯿﺎر اﺛﺮﮔﺬار و ﺑﺎ اﯾﺠﺎز ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎص زﺑﺎن ﻋﺮﻓﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻧﺎمﮔﺬاريﻫﺎ، ﺷﮕﺮدي اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ اﯾﺠﺎز در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺗﺎزه ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﭘﺮدازي از ﺳﻮي راوي ﻣﺜﻨﻮي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮۀ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ از دﮔﺮﮔﺸﺖﻫﺎ در ﺳﺎﺣﺖ ﻇﺎﻫﺮي ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻪ و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﭘﺮدازي ﺧﻼﻗﺎﻧﻪ اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪاﻧﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﻋﻠﻞ دﮔﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺎم-ﮔﺬاري ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖﻫﺎي ﻗﺼﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺜﻨﻮي در ﺳﻪ ﺣﻮزۀ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ، ﻧﺤﻮي و ادﺑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ و از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ دﮔﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﺎمﻫﺎ، ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺲ ﻋﺎﻃﻔﯽ، رﻋﺎﯾﺖ وزن، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ در روﻧﺪ داﺳﺘﺎن، ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ راوي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ اﺷﺨﺎص داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﻃﻨﺎزي راوي، دروغﮔﻮﯾﯽ راوﯾﺎن درون داﺳﺘﺎﻧﯽ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ زاوﯾﮥ دﯾﺪ، اﻟﺘﻔﺎت و ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪن ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺬاب ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن و ﺟﺬب ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺐ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد.

Examining the names of characters has a fundamental application in the analysis of fiction. Characters often play an important part in the theme because of their names and in most cases, readers understand the theme with their help. Therefore, names are always influential in determining the encounter with the text and its context. In narratology, the question of how writers introduce the characters of their stories to the reader is of great importance; naming anything is like creating it. Choosing the right name for fictional characters is one of the most artistic ways to introduce characters and direct the reader’s attention to them. But changing characters’ names is one of the most innovative ways of characterization. By adopting such an approach to characterization, Rumi seeks to convey information to the audience in a way that is consistent with his mystical insight — breaking norms and mocking the boundaries of storytelling to achieve meaning. Since in the Islamic structure of Mathnawi the opportunity to introduce characters is little, the narrator introduces the characters of his stories to the reader in a very effective and concise way, which is specific to mystical language. Changing the letters is a technique that is chosen by the narrator of Mathnawi as a new way of characterization in line with this brevity. The research shows such changes are important in terms of semiotics and creative characterization. The changes in the names of the characters of the tales of Mathnawi can be studied in three areas: linguistic, syntactic, and literary. The causes of these changes include conveying feelings, observing rhythm, changing the personalities in the course of the story, the narrator’s attachment to the fictional characters, the narrator’s humor, some narrators who lie, changing the point of view, and making the story interesting and appealing to the reader.