اثر طول دوره رقابت بر عملكرد و اجزاي عملكرد نخود در شرايط كشت انتظاري و رايج

The effect of competition period on yield and yield components of chickpea in conventional and dormant sowing conditions

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻃﻮل دوره ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺨﻮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري و راﯾﺞ، آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻃﺮح اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﭘﻼت در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در3 ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﻐﺘﺎي در ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1391-92 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. روشﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﺷﺖ )اﻧﺘﻈﺎري و راﯾﺞ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و دورهﻫﺎي ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ )0 ، 15، 30 ، 45 و 60 روز ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻋﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري در 1391/10/4 و ﮐﺸﺖ راﯾﺞ در 1391/12/5 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ راﯾﺞ ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻪﺟﺰ وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، ﺳﺎﯾﺮ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﮐﺸﺖ راﯾﺞ ﺑﻮد. ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﯿﻮﻟﻮ ﮋﯾﮑﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ راﯾﺞ 30/79 و 39/39 درﺻﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ داﺷﺖ. اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻃﻮل دوره ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺧﻄﯽ ﺳﺒﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺨﻮد ﺷﺪ. در ﺑﯿﻦ اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻼف و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ واﮐﻨﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل دوره ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ را از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ و ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در ﻏﻼف و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻏﻼف در ﺑﻮﺗﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ )60 روزه( ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻒﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز 95/83 و 60/21 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ راﯾﺞ، ﻧﺨﻮد ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ 30 روزه و در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎري ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺗﺪاﺧﻞ 15 روزه ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺳﺒﺰ ﺷﺪن را دار

Due to study the effect of competition period on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in conventional and dormant sowing conditions, an experiment was conducted as split plot design based on randomized complete blocks design with three replication at Joghtay in 2012-2013. Main factor was planting method (Conventional and dormant sowing) and sub plot was weed competition period (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after emergence), Planting date was 24 December 2012 and 23 February 2013 at dormant sowing and conventional condition, respectively. The result of experiment showed that sowing dormant had more weed dry matter and weed density than conventional planting method. With the exception of 1000 seed weight, the other yield components in sowing dormant planting method were higher than conventional. Increasing of weed competition period was decreased linearly yield and yield components. Among yield components, seed per pod and pod per plant showed the highest response to weed competition period. In full competition period (60 days interference after seed emergence) Seed per pod and pod per plant was decreased 98.83% and 60.21% respectively compared to control. Overall, the result showed that in conventional and dormant planting methods, chickpea could tolerate weed competition until 30 and 15 days after emergence, respectively.