سنجش وضع مسئوليت پذيري جامعۀ روستايي نسبت به محيطِ زيست و عوامل مؤثر بر آن (مطالعه موردي: استان مازندران)

Assessing the State of Responsibility of Rural Community towards the Environment and it Underpinning Factors (Case study: Mazandaran Province)

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه: ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺖ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﻄﻮح و ﻗﺸﺮﻫﺎي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ، ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ در ﺑﻨـﺪ 14 ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺖ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻋﻤﺪه اﺳـﺘﻔﺎدهﮐﻨﻨـﺪه از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، از اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﺜﻨﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺳﺆال اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﭼﻪ ﻣﺴﺆوﻟﯿﺘﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺖ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽﮐﻨﻨﺪ و رﻓﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺘﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ آنﻫﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳـﺖ؟ در اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ، از ﭼـﺎرﭼﻮب ﻧﻈـﺮي اﻧﮕﯿـﺰه ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ و از ﻧﻮع ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﺑﻮد. واﺣـﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﯿـﻞ در اﯾـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ، ﻓـﺮد روﺳـﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ را ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران در ﺳﺎل 1398 ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ دادهاﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪﮔﯿﺮي، از روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮي ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﺪاد روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﮥ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ، 30 روﺳـﺘﺎ ﺑﻮدﻧـﺪ و ﺣﺠـﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 384 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. دادهﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردِﻧﯿﺎز ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪ. دادهﻫـﺎي ﭘﯿﻤـﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻌـﺪ از ﺟﻤﻊآوري، در ﻧﺮماﻓﺰار SPSS ﻣﻮرد ﭘﺮدازش ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺳﭙﺲ، ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻣﯿـﺰان ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﻪ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯿـﺰان رﻓﺘـﺎر ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻟﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴـﺘﯽ آنﻫـﺎ در ﺣـﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳـﻂ ﻗـﺮار دارد. ﻋﻠﺎوهﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺪت آﺳﯿﺐﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﺷﺪت ﺧﻄﺮ دركﺷﺪه، ﺧﻮدﮐﺎرآﻣﺪي و داﻧﺶ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﻫﻨﺠﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺠﻮﯾﺰي ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ، ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي اﻓﺮاد ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺤﯿﻂِزﯾﺴـﺖ ﺗـﺄﺛﯿﺮ داﺷﺘﻪاﻧﺪ

The issue of social responsibility to protect the environment at all levels and segments of society is an issue that is emphasized in 14th article of the general policy of Iran’s environment and the villagers as well most users of environmental resources are no exception.The main research question was how people feel about the environment and what are the responsible behaviors among the villagers?.The research method is cross-sectional analysis and the analysis unit is a rural resident.The statistical population of the study was all residents of rural areas of Mazandaran province in 2019.The type of sampling was multi-stage clustering. The number of sample villages was 30 and the sample size was 384.In this research, the formal validity and validity of the structure have been used. The data required for the research have been collected through the questionnaire tools. The survey data were reviewed and analyzed in SPSS software. The results show that the level of responsible behavior of the environment and the tendency to responsible behavior of the environment was moderate. Multivariate analysis suggests that the severity of the vulnerability, the severity of the perceived risk, the self-efficacy and knowledge of the environment, and the prescriptive norms have affected the responsibility of the rural community for the environment.