ارزيابي پايداري محله هاي شهري با رويكرد محلۀ كم كربن؛ مورد مطالعه: محلۀ جولانِ شهر همدان

Evaluating the Sustainability of Urban Neighborhoods with a Low Carbon Approach; Case Study: Jowlan Neighborhood of Hamadan

در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪه و ﺑﺮ ﺑﻘﺎ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ اﺛﺮﮔﺬار اﺳﺖ. داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺑﺮاي دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ «ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﮥ »ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ« و »ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار«، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺮ روي ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎي ﻃﺮاﺣﯽ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ »ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﻄﻮف ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. ﻫﺪف از ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي روﯾﮑﺮد »ﮐﻢﮐﺮﺑﻦ« ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري و ﻗﯿﺎس ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻘﯽ آن ﻫﺎ، در ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﺟﻮﻻن ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺪان اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺸﯽ- ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ اﺳﺖ. و ﺑﺮاي ﺟﻤﻊآوري اﻃﻼﻋﺎت، از ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ 310 ﻧﻔﺮي از ﻓﺮﻣﻮل ﮐﻮﮐﺮان اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﭘﺎﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ آﻟﻔﺎي ﮐﺮوﻧﺒﺎخ 0/801 ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، ﺑﺮاز ﻣﺪل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎري ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار اﺳﻤﺎرت ﭘﯽ ال اس اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ اﺑﻌﺎد روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ و ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﯽ آن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺷﻬﺮي راﺑﻄﮥ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري دارد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﺮم و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار، )P0=/88( داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ و راﺑﻄﮥ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺑُﻌﺪ ﺗﺄﺳﯿﺴﺎت و زﯾﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﻢﮐﺮﺑﻦ و ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﭘﺎﯾﺪار داراي ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ )0/43=P( اﺳﺖ. درﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ، ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﯿﺰان اﺑﻌﺎد روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ )0/842( ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻮد، ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﺪن ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮي، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار در ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﻤﺪان ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد؛ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﮥ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺄﯾﯿﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻫﺎي ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ، »ﻓﺮم و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر« ازﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻬﺮوﻧﺪان و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن، ﻫﻢ در ﻻﯾﮥ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري و ﻫﻢ در ﻻﯾﮥ ﻓﻌﺎل ﺑﻮدن در رواﺑﻂ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﺤﻠﮥ ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮﺑﻦ، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ رود. ﺑﺪﯾﻬﯽ اﺳﺖ در ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﻓﺮم و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﺤﻮرﻫﺎي ﺳﺒﺰ، رﺷﺪ ﻓﺸﺮده و ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه روﯾﯽ، ﺗﻨﻮع ﻣﺴﮑﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﻗﺸﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺑﻮده و ﻫﺴﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ، ﻃﺒﻖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، دو ﺷﺎﺧﺺ »ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﺤﻠﻪ« و »ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﺮژي« ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ و اﺛﺮﮔﺬارﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ.

In recent years, climate change has become a global and important issue and has affected human survival and development. To achieve a “low carbon” and “sustainable development” community, scientists have focused on designing and planning systems to evaluate the “low carbon” community. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of “low carbon” approach indicators on the degree of stability and their combined analogy in Jowlan neighborhood of Hamadan city. The research method in this study is correlational and in the framework of analytical methods. Therefore, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data, and the sampling method was random. Using the Pearson correlation test and linear regression, the effect of low carbon indices on indices of sustainable neighborhoods and their comparisons has been investigated in the Jowlan neighborhood of Hamadan. Finally, the data-model fitting through Smart PLS software is presented to provide a structural analytical model for the research on its variables. To calculate the reliability of the indices, a sample of 310 people was administered. Then the reliability of the questionnaire was calculated by Cronbach's alpha method and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.801 which indicates high level of reliability of the questionnaire. SPSS software was used for data analysis. Indicators evaluated in the research are extracted with emphasis on measurability and measurable overview of relevant literature. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the more the low carbon approach of 0.842 and its dimensions increases the rate of conversion of urban neighborhoods, the more sustainable neighborhoods among Hamadan towns, thus, the research hypothesis is confirmed. According to the studies, “form and structure” is the most important component for citizens and experts, both in terms of effectiveness and in terms of being active in effective relationships for the realization of low carbon neighborhood. Obviously, the diversity of housing for different strata has always been effective in achieving a coherent form and structure, increasing green areas and axes, compact growth and prevention of sprawl of growth. In this component, according to the findings, the two indicators of “attention to the natural state of the neighborhood” and “reducing energy consumption” are also among the most important and effective indicators.