الگوي بومي كاهش شكاف ديجيتالي در ايران (مورد مطالعه: روستاهاي استان قم)

Indigenous Pattern of Digital Divide Reduction in Iran (Case study: Villages of Qom Province (

ﮔﻔﺘﻤﺎن ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي، اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي را در دﺳﺘﻮر ﮐﺎر ﺧﻮد ﻗﺮار داده، اﻣﺎ ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎن ازﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺟﺴﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ اﯾﻦ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﻔﻮذ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺖ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ رﺷـﺪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، اﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ روﯾﮑﺮدﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻃﺮح ﻣﺒﺎﺣـﺚ ﺟﺪﯾـﺪي ازﺟﻤﻠـﻪ »ICT« روﺳﺘﺎﺋﯽ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﺳﻮاد دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ وﭼﯿﺴﺘﯽ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ آن، وﻣﺒﺎﺣﺜﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ اي دﻗﯿـﻖ ﺗـﺮ ﻣﺒﺤـﺚ ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ را دراﯾﺮان ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ، ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﺗـﺎ ﻣﺒﺤـﺚ ﺷـﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘـﺎﻟ ﯽ را در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﮐﺎوش ﻗﺮار دﻫﺪ. ﭘﻮﯾﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﻪ دﻧﺒـﺎل ﯾـ ﺎﻓﺘﻦ اﻟﮕـﻮي ﺑـﻮﻣﯽ ﺷـﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘـﺎﻟ ﯽ درروﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻟﺬا داده ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد را ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش دﻟﻔﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻧﻤﻮده و از ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﻓﺎزي و ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﻓﺎزي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮده اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎن و ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ارﺷـﺪ ﺣـﻮزه ICT روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻗﻢ ﺑﻮده و در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﺑﻮدن ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ آﻣﺎري، ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد 33 ﻧﻔﺮ ﺑﺴﻨﺪه ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ روش ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي ﻗﻀﺎوﺗﯽ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ . ﻧﺘـﺎ ﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿـ ﻖ ﭘـﺲ از ﻣﺤﺎﺳـﺒﺎت دو ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ اي دﻟﻔـ ﯽ، دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 9 ﻣﻌﯿﺎر و 42 زﯾﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎر و 36 راﻫﺒﺮد ﮔﺬراز ﺷﮑﺎف دﯾﺠﯿﺘﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻃـ ﯽ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎت ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ ﻓﺎزي، زﯾﺮﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻟﯿﺰه واز ﻟﺤﺎظ وزﻧﯽ اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﺑﻨـﺪ ي ﮔﺮدﯾﺪﻧـﺪ . ﺑـﺮ اﺳـﺎس ﯾﺎﻓﺘـﻪ ﻫـﺎ ي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ، ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎت اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ وزﻧﯽ، و ﮐﺴﺐ وﮐﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ آن ﻫﺎ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻗﺘﺼﺎد روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻫﻮﺷـﻤﻨﺪ ﺷـﺪن ﮐﺴـﺐ وﮐـﺎر داراي ﭘـﺎ ﯾﯿﻦ ﺗـﺮ ﯾﻦ رﺗﺒـ ﻪ وزﻧـ ﯽ ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﻨﺪ . ﻧﺘـﺎ ﯾﺞ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﺳﻨﺠﯽ راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎ در ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺗﺎﭘﺴﯿﺲ ﻓﺎزي ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از آن اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﺸـﻮ ﯾﻖ اﭘﺮاﺗﻮرﻫـﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺳـﺮﻣﺎ ﯾﻪ ﮔـﺬار ي دراوﻟﻮﯾﺖ اول و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﯿﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺟﻬﺖ اراﺋﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻣﻔـﺎﻫ ﯿﻢ ﻓـﻦ آوري اﻃﻼﻋـﺎت ﺑـﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎن در ﺎزﻣﺎن در ﻧﺎزل ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ از اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻗﺮار دارد.

Although the contemporary discourse of sociology of technology puts many concepts on its agenda, but the digital divide is still one of the important research in this field. Meanwhile, although the penetration of the Internet in rural areas has grown, it should be noted that new approaches to the digital divide have led to new issues such as rural "ICT", the level of digital literacy and what is the effective local pattern to reduce it, and issues that more specifically address the digital divide which has been explained in Iran. The present article intends to explore the issue of digital divide in the villages of Qom province. The present scientific scan seeks to find the native pattern of digital divide in the villages of Qom Province. Therefore, it has collected its data using the Delphi method and has used the fuzzy hierarchical technique and fuzzy TOPSIS. The statistical population of the present study are the experts and senior managers in the field of ICT in the villages of Qom province. The results of the research after Delphi two-stage calculations are the achievement of the conceptual model of the research including 9 criteria and 42 sub-criteria and 36 digital gap crossing strategies. During the fuzzy hierarchical calculations, the sub-criteria were normalized and prioritized in terms of weight. According to the research findings, recognizing rural culture and social relations has the highest weight rating and businesses have the lowest weight rating by identifying them in the development of rural economy as well as business intelligence. The results of quality assessment of solutions in the light of fuzzy TOPSIS technique indicate that encouraging operators to invest in the first priority and using specialized personnel to provide training in IT concepts to experts in the organization, is at the lowest level of priority.