واكاوي تجربه و تفسير بازيگران مديريت روستايي از شرايط انتخاب دهيار و پيامدهاي آن (مطالعه روستاهاي شهرستان كلات)

Analysis of Experience and Enterpretation of Rural Management Actors from the Conditions of Dehyar Selection and Its Consequences (Study of villages in Kalat city)

نظام ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎن ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ، ﺗﺤﻮﻻت ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ را ﭘﺸﺖ ﺳﺮ ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﮐﺸﻒ و واﮐﺎوي ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ دو دﻫﻪ اي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻫﯿﺎر در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺑﺨﺶ زاوﯾﻦ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻼت در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي اﺳﺖ. ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﺪاد 17 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺘﻮﻟﯿﺎن اﻣﻮر ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﻪ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﻀﻤﻮن ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ روش زاوﯾﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي در ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﯿﻔﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻧﻈﺮي دﻗﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ، ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺘﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎل در ﺑﺴﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻣﺬﮐﻮر ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ داﺷﺖ، ﺗﻘﻮﯾﺖ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب دﻫﯿﺎر در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ اﮔﺮﭼﻪ در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺮدم ﺳﺎﻻراﻧﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد، اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ارزش ﻫﺎي ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ ﺧﺎص، ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ و ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ در اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﻧﯿﺰ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد دﻫﯿﺎرﻫﺎ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد. ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻀﻤﻮن اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺷﺪه ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﻧﺪ از ﺧﺎص ﮔﺮاﯾﯽ، ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻟﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮي، ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺎﻗﺺ. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻬﺎدﺳﺎزي دﻣﻮﮐﺮاﺗﯿﮏ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﻮردﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﻣﻮردﻧﻈﺮ ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ. اراﺋﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﻮﻣﯽ از ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎ ﮐﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﺳﻮ ﺑﻪ ارزش ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ و ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ روﺳﺘﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ و از ﺳﻮي دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﯿﺎزﻫﺎي در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ را ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ، ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺿﺮورت ﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺳﯿﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎي دوﻟﺖ در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮه ﻣﺮدم ﺳﺎﻻري آن، ﻧﯿﺎزﻣﻨﺪ اﺻﻼح ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ارزش ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮕﯽ-ﺗﺎرﯾﺨﯽ ﺣﺎﮐﻢ ﺑﺮ رواﺑﻂ و ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﻗﺪرت اﺳﺖ.

Iran's rural management system has undergone various changes in terms of social structures over the years. The purpose of this study is to explore the two-decade experience of selecting Dehyar in the villages of Zavin section of Kalat County in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. The research has been done with a qualitative approach and thematic analysis method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 rural management officials. In addition, due to the role of the triangulation method in qualitative research, and in order to analyze the theory more accurately, the results of the interviews were reinforced with the participatory observation data of a researcher who worked in the field for three years. The results showed that although the selection Dehyar is done in a democratic framework, but due to the dominance of specific historical and cultural values, obstacles and challenges are formed in its selection and performance. The four main themes of the present study are specificity, irresponsibility, cultural challenges, and poor performance. The results show that democratic institutionalization in the studied villages has not been able to achieve its goals. One of the necessities of rural management is to provide indigenous models of village management that on the one hand paying attention to its cultural-historical values, and on the other hand paying attention to the changing needs. Government policies in rural areas, while considering its democratic aspects, need to be reformed based on the cultural-historical values ​​that govern power relations and interactions.