چندپارگي فرهنگي و توسعه سياسي ايران معاصر

Cultural fragmentation and political development of contemporary Iran

توسعه سياسي به عنوان يكي از ابعاد مهم توسعه همه جانبه و پايدار از يك طرف مستلزم تحول در ساخت سياسي و از طرف ديگر مستلزم تحول در حوزه فرهنگ است؛ به عبارت ديگر دلايل توسعه نيافتگي سياسي را بايد از دو منظر مختلف مورد مطالعه قرار داد. نخست مطالعه ساخت سياسي در بعد كلان و ساختارهاي سياسي در بعد خرد و دوم مطالعه ابعاد مختلف فرهنگ. چندپارگي فرهنگي در ايران كه بيشتر ناشي از شكاف هاي تمدني بوده است، از رويارويي دو نظام متفاوت معرفتي با ارزش هاي كاملاً از هم تمايز حكايت مي كند؛ و چالش اين دو نظام معرفتي با هم باعث ايجاد جو بدبيني، بي اعتمادي، ترس و خشونت در حوزه اجتماعي و سياسي گرديده و مانع پيدايش همپذيري و تساهل لازم براي مشاركت و رقابت سياسي كه از شاخص هاي اصلي توسعه سياسي مي­باشند گرديده است. اين پژوهش با طرح اين سوال كه چندپارگي فرهنگي و تعارض اين پاره فرهنگ ها در طول تاريخ معاصر ايران چه تاثيري بر توسعه سياسي داشته است اين فرضيه را مطرح نموده است كه چندپارگي فرهنگي و تعارض اين پاره فرهنگ ها با هم، باعث عدم توسعه يافتگي سياسي و ايجاد رژيم هاي غيررقابتي در ايران معاصر گرديده است.

Examining the role and influence of culture in political and social development is very important. Political development as one of the important dimensions of comprehensive and sustainable development on the one hand requires a change in political structure and on the other hand requires a change in the field of culture; In other words, the reasons for political underdevelopment must be studied from two different perspectives. The first is the study of political construction in the macro dimension and political structures in the micro dimension, and the second is the study of different dimensions of culture. Cultural fragmentation in Iran, which has been mostly due to civilizational gaps, indicates the confrontation of two different epistemological systems with completely different values; an‎d the challenge of these two epistemological systems together has created an atmosphere of pessimism, mistrust, fear and violence in the social and political spheres and has prevented the emergence of solidarity and tolerance necessary for political participation and competition, which are the main indicators of political development. This study raises the hypothesis that cultural fragmentation and conflict between these cultures have contributed to political development during the contemporary history of Iran by asking the question that cultural fragmentation and conflict of these cultures together cause political underdevelopment. an‎d the creation of non-competitive regimes in Iran has become contemporary. With regard to the subject under discussion, a descriptive and analytical method that has historical-analytical references based on theoretical foundations and indicators has been selected as the research method.