سبك شناسي رباعيات سعدي

stylistics of Sa'di's quatrain

اين مقاله بر آن است تا ويژگي هاي بلاغي و سبكي رباعيات سعدي را بررسي كند. اين قالب شعري، نسبت به ساير آثار شاعر، از بسامد چشمگيري برخوردار نيست؛ اما از آن جهت كه وي بخشي از آرمان ها، آرزوها و احساسات خود را در اين قالب بيان كرده، بررسي و شناخت آن، حايز اهميت است. به منظور دستيابي به اين امر، رباعيات اين شاعر در سه سطح زباني، ادبي و فكري بررسي گرديد و سعي شد عناصر برجسته و سبك ساز وي مشخص و انديشه محوري و روح حاكم بر تار و پود رباعيات وي نشان داده شود. نكته جالب اينكه، بخش عمده اي از رباعيات وي، گويي غزل هاي كوتاهي است كه همان انديشه هاي حاكم بر غزلياتش را در ظرفي كوچك تر بيان مي كند و بخش ديگر نيز در بردارنده انديشه هاي پند و اندرز او در بوستان و گلستان است. زبان سعدي در اين اشعار، همان زبان غزل است؛ يعني سهل ممتنع. وي در سرودن اين قالب شعري، برخلاف ساير آثار خود، توانمند نبوده است.

This paper intends to investigate the rhetorical and stylish features of the Sa’di quatrain. This poetic format/form doesn’t enjoy the significant frequency compared to the entire relics of the poet; however, its study and cognition is of the significance because he has expressed a part of his feelings, desires and ideals in this poetic format. In order to achieve this goal, the quatrains of this poet have been studied at three lingual, literal and intellectual levels and endeavor has been made to determine his exclusive and style making elements and the axial thought as well as the spirit dominant on his quatrains texture should be revealed. The interesting point is that the major part of his quatrains sounds to be short lyrics that express the very thoughts dominant on his lyrics in a smaller container/form and the other part of it encompasses his thoughts of advice in Boostan and Golestan. His language in these poems is of the same sonnet poetry; that is Easy and Unobtrusive. He has not been powerful in composing this poetic template/style, unlike his other works.