بررسي نقش صندوق كارآفريني اميد در توسعه كسب و كارهاي خرد در نواحي روستايي (مطالعه موردي: روستاهاي شهرستان كاشمر)

Investigating the Role of the Hope Entrepreneurship Fund in the Development of Small Businesses in Rural Areas (Case study: villages of Kashmar county

ﺍﻣﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ/ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﮑﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﻡ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﻳﮑﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻠﺰﻭﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭ، ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﮑﺮﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ، ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﻮﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻲ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕﻫﺎﻱ ﻗﺮﺽﺍﻟﺤﺴﻨﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮐﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ، ﺍﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝﺯﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺷﻤﺮ ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ، ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭘﮋﻭﻫﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮐﻤﻲ، ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﮐﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻱ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﻭﺵ، ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ- ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ )ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 5 ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺎﺭﮐﻦ( ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﮐﺎﺷﻤﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺭﻭﺵ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻲ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻣﺤﻘﻖﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺁﻟﻔﺎﻱ ﮐﺮﻭﻧﺒﺎﺥ 0/915 ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﺎﺣﺒﺎﻥ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ، ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 3/5 ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻱ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺧﻮﻳﺶ ﻓﺮﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ 3/85 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ 2/75 ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻓﺮﻣﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ 3/44 ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻭﺍﻡ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭﺍﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ 0/31، ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺑﻮﺭﻭﮐﺮﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎ 0/41 ﻭ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻡ ﺍﻋﻄﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻱ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺎ 0/41 ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮﺩ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻓﺮﻳﻨﻲ ﺍﻣﻴﺪ ﺩر ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺧﺮﺩ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ.

The development of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas is the most important rural development strategy, especially the development of rural economies in third world countries. One of the essential requirements for any business, especially small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, is financing. Financial institutions and lending funds can play a significant role in the development of entrepreneurship, employment and economic development, especially in rural areas, through the provision of low-interest micro-credit. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of Hope Entrepreneurship Fund in the development of micro and small businesses in rural areas of Kashmar city. The present study is a quantitative research in terms of the nature of the applied research and a descriptive-analytical method. Statistical population is small business owners in rural areas of Kashmar city who have used Hope Entrepreneurship Fund facilities. Data collection was done by using both library and field methods through a questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha reliability was 0.915. The results indicate that the Hope Entrepreneurship Fund's micro-credit facilities play an important role in setting up small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, and borrowers are more satisfied with the fund's performance than other financial institutions. The findings also indicate that the easier the process of borrowing and bureaucratic borrowing and the amount of lending commensurate with the business startup, the Fund will play a more effective role in the development of rural businesses.