تحليل اجتماعي تمايل به مهاجرت دانشگاهيان : مطالعه موردي دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي واحد علوم و تحقيقات دانشگاه آزاداسلامي تهران

Study of Factors Affecting the Tendency to Emigration of Students Working in Graduate Students at Islamic Azad University, Science Research Branch, Tehran

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسي عوامل موثر بر تمايل به برون كوچي دانشجويان شاغل در سطح تحصيلات تكميلي دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي واحد علوم تحقيقات تهران انجام گرفت. روش روش اين پژوهش پيمايشي بود. جامعه آماري اين پژوهش شامل دانشجويان تحصيلات تكميلي واحد علوم و تحقيقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي در سال 1398 بودند. جمعيت نمونه نيز 300 آزمودني بود كه با استفاده از فرمول كوكران و با روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده انتخاب شدند .داده هاي اين پژوهش با استفاده از ابزار پرسشنامه محقق ساخته با 4 متغير و 26 پرسش گرداوري شده اند. تحليل اماري داده ها نيز از تحليل رگرسيوني،آزمون فريدمن و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS22 انجام شد. يافته ها برﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ 47/5درﺻﺪ داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد ﻋﻨﻮان ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت)ﺑﺮونﮐﻮﭼﯽ( دارﻧﺪ. در ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ رﮔﺮﺳﯿﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ داﻓﻌﻪ)داﺧﻠﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺘﺎي329/ درﺻﺪ، ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﺎذﺑﻪ)ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ( ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺑﺘﺎي 271/درﺻﺪ و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ249/ درﺻﺪ داراي ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻗﺪرت ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽﭘﺬﯾﺮي داﻧﺸﺠﻮﯾﺎن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮت ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮﻣﺒﻨﺎي ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آزﻣﻮن ﻓﺮﯾﺪﻣﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﻧﺒﻪ اي 3/64 و ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ رﺗﺒﻪ اي 3/39 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ و ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬاري را بر تمايل مهاجرت نخبگان به خارج از كشور داشتند. نتيجه گيري بر مبناي يافته هاي پژوهش، نخبگان علمي ارزيابي منفي از شرايط داخلي كشور در ابعاد سياسي، اجتماعي اقتصادي و فرهنگي داشته و نسبت به شرايط كشورهاي پيشرفته نگرش مثبت دارند. لذا مي توان گفت كه چند بعدي بودن و حتي انباشت مسايل مختلف باعث مي شود كه فرد نخبه علي رغم همه وابستگي هاي داخلي تصميم به مهاجرت بگيرد. به نظر مي رسد كه حاكميت رسمي مي تواند با شناسايي درك مشكلات دانشجويان مانع خروج اين سرمايه شود.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the tendency of emigrant students working at the graduate level of Islamic Azad University, Research Sciences Branch, Tehran. Methodology: The method of this research is predictive and its statistical population (N) is also a graduate student of the Science and Research Branch of the Islamic Azad University in 1398. The sample population (n) was also 300 subjects selected using Cochran's formula. The data of this study were collected using the researcher-made questionnaire with 4 variables and 26 questions. Data analysis, regression analysis, Friedman test, and other related inferential statistics were used to analyze the statistics. Results: Based on data analysis, a survey of 47.5% of students at a very high level stated that they tend to emigrate. In this regard, based on the findings of regression analysis, repulsive (internal) factors with beta coefficient of 0.329%, attraction (external) factors with beta coefficient of 0.271 % and individual factors with 0.249 % coefficient have the highest predictive power of students that they were emigrants. Also, based on the results of the Friedman test, political factors with an average score of 3.64 and social factors with an average rating of 3.39 had the most role and influence on the tendency of elite emigration . Conclusion: Based on the research findings, scientific elites have a negative assessment of the internal conditions of the country in political, social, economic and cultural dimensions and have a positive attitude towards the conditions of developed countries. Therefore, it can be said that multidimensionality and even the accumulation of various issues cause the elite to decide to emigrate despite all the internal dependencies. It seems that formal governance can prevent students from exiting this capital by identifying and prioritizing their problems.