كليدواژه :
ژئوپوئتيك , پاتريك موديانو , مكان , شناخت خود
چكيده فارسي :
:ژئوپوئتيك، نظريه‌ي نوظهور نقد ادبي و هنري ست كه به اهميت و نقش مكان در آثار ادبي و هنري مي‌پردازد. ژئوپوئتيك رويكردي باز و بينارشته‌اي‌ست. اين رويكرد علاوه بر تلفيق ادب و جغرافيا با علوم و رشته‌هاي ديگر نظير فلسفه، با كوچگرايي (نوماديسم) در ارتباط است. اگرجه اين رويكرد نوظهور است اما پشتوانه فلسفي و تاريخي عميقي دارد و نشان مي‌دهد كه پايه گذارانش مطالعاتي عميق بر علوم شرق و غرب داشته اند.ژئوپوئتيك ديدگاهي‌ست كه مي‌تواند نشان دهد چرا مكان در داستاني اهميت ويژه‌اي دارد و كاركرد آن چيست. در اين پژوهش سعي بر آن داريم كه علاوه بر معرفي ژئوپوئتيك، خوانشي ژئوپوئتيكي از داستان گل‌هاي زوال، اثر پاتريك موديانو ارائه دهيم و به اين سوال پاسخ دهيم كه نام هاي پيوسته‌ي مكان در داستان پاتريك موديانو چه نقشي در داستان ايفا مي‌كنند؟ و چگونه مكان‌ها به شخصيت داستان كمك مي‌كند تا او به شناخت بيشتري از خود و ديگري دست يابد؟
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: Geopoetics is a new theory in art and literature critic
that studies the importance of places in literary and artistic creations.
Geopoetics is an open and interdisciplinary approach. It is
a link between literature and geography. Also, it is related to the
philosophy and intellectual nomadism. Although this approach is
new, it shows the knowledge of its founders on the science of East
and West.
Geopoetics aims at placing the link between man and Earth at the
center of reflection. It is a geo-centered approach - geo in Greek
means earth - which gives a primordial place to literature. It consists
of two terms: the geo prefix and the poetic suffix. The “geo”, that is,
the earth and our place in the cosmos. In this article, we will first
study what geopoetics means and then we will check how geopoetics relates to the Other. and for that, we will analyze Fleurs de Ruine by
Patrick Modiano.
The works of Patrick Modiano are good examples. It has the same
precision as that of a cartographer. He is the novelist of the Parisian
space. The wandering of its narrator, of its characters, allows the
evocation of places. We can say that he does not live in Paris but
he circulates there. Walking and wandering is the central theme in
Ruined Flowers. We see from the beginning of the novel the places
traveled by the narrator-walker. We can see using Google Maps the
landscape seen by the narrator and we can be on the place where
this character was.
Background Studies: Michel Chaillou who, in his book Le Sentiment
Géographique (1976), checks the geographic space and who
declares that in this kind of text, “reading is not walking , at first
sight “but the reality is that during reading” the sentence becomes a
path. So we can say that Modiano’s sentences are paths to travel that
highlight mobility. What is essential for a geopoetic reading.
Geopoetic reading is also a journey, a displacement especially
through thought. The reader-critic tries to follow the steps of the
narrator and the character. He thinks simultaneously of his relationship
with the land and places. He also wonders what relationship he
could establish with this place described by the author. The critic is
thus present in his analyzes and he has an active role in the geopoetic
approach.
Argument: During this study, the meeting with the other is inevitable.
The city is the meeting place with the other, as Barthes says,
and wandering prepares for the sometimes unexpected meetings
with the other. The narrator is a walker. While walking, he meets
the other characters who are often pedestrians too when they walk
in the streets or when they frequent other places like coffee, bar,
cinema, etc. This is how spatiality is strongly linked to the question
of otherness. For the narrator-walker, the Other and the sometimes
hazardous encounter with him remind us of the places frequented
and the places can also, in turn, evoke the memory of Others. The landscapes and spaces remind him of other people. For us, it’s quite
significant that a place reminds him of a character, an Other. This
shows that geopoetic study is inseparable from the study of the Other.
The main question is to understand what the role of places in the
novel is and how places can help humans to know themselves.
Conclusion: to answer our initial question: how does geopoetics
help us read the text? It must be said that during a geopoetic reading,
the reader inhabits the text. He follows the steps of the writer. He
travels the world as tirelessly as he does and gives space a central
place. What we did in reading Flowers of Ruin by Modiano. Thus,
reading becomes a path. In this round trip between the world of the
text and his world, by a mental movement, he inevitably meets otherness,
especially cultural otherness. It’s the unchanging constancy
of geopoetics to listen to the Other while crossing places. The Other
is not defined only in human relationships but in the meeting of
a culture and a crossed space. We have already mentioned that in
the geopoetic approach, openness to the world and meeting with the
Other is very important. We see that Modiano’s narrator meets the
Other during his walks. This meeting with the Other is very decisive
in his quest for identity.
