سنجش رضايتمندي زنان از كيفيت فضاهاي عمومي انحصاري با تأكيد بر حس ايمني نمونۀ مطالعاتي: پارك بوستان مادران، شهر جديد انديشه، تهران1

Evaluating Women's Satisfaction of Exclusive Public Spaces Quality with Emphasis on Sense of Safety; Case Study: Boostan-e Madaran Park, Andisheh New Town– Tehran

در سال‌هاي اخير، با آنكه عموم مردم، فضاهاي انحصاري زنان همچون پارك بانوان را پذيرفته‌اند؛ ليكن با انتقاداتي نيز روبرو بوده است. در اين پژوهش با بهره‌گيري از مطالعات ميداني، رضايتمندي زنان در پارك‌ بانوان به‌عنوان پروژۀ فضاهاي انحصاري با تأكيد بر مقولۀ ايمني در بعد فراكالبدي آن و با هدف بازتعريف و سنجش عوامل زمينه‌اي مؤثر بر ارتقاي آن، بر پايۀ‌ معيارهاي كيفيت مكاني مطالعه مي‌شود. روند انجام‌دادن كار، شامل بررسي مباني و تجربه‌هاي مرتبط و تدوين مدل نظري، مفهوم‌سازي و استخراج ابعاد و شاخص‌ها و متغيرها بوده است. تحليل آماري داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون T و همبستگي رگرسيون انجام شده است. بررسي نتايج نشان مي‌دهد در بعد اجتماعي، شاخص ميزان تعامل‌پذيري افراد در فضا و متغير شبكه‌هاي گروهي زنان (بتاي 0.527) و در بعد عملكردي، ميزان استفاده از فضا (بتاي 0.691) و در بعد محيط طبيعي، شاخص دسترسي به امكانات و تجهيزات محيطي و متغير تأسيسات عمومي و بهداشتي و خدمات خاص براي بانوان (بتاي 0.299) بيشترين اهميت را در افزايش رضايتمندي زنان براساس متغيرهاي زمينه‌اي داشته‌ است.

Each city and local community is considered a unique model that has its own people, physical spaces and urban structures, values, and history. Therefore, each city also has its own security problems. Some of them are related to the rights of their local community. So, some cities offer more services to their local community than other people. Changes in recent decades have caused new facilities of today's cities to be unable to provide peace and security to their citizens as in the past. There are countless factors in cities that can threaten, reduce, or eliminate security in cities. Among these factors, some public spaces have a high capacity in reducing the security of cities. Due to the congestion and the scattered urban surface, public spaces always show high statistics in conflict with the personal space of individuals and violations of their security. Therefore, it can be said that today most urban spaces have taken on a gendered nature, and in practice, it is believed that urban spaces may impose restrictions on the free movement of women. Women make up half of the world's population. Therefore, paying attention to reducing the vulnerability of women in the face of insecurity and special attention to their needs, in order to respond to this lack of security, have been considered in urban public spaces. Creating a sense of mental tranquility and vitality in women, designing and planning exclusive public spaces for the use of this particular group are located in the agenda of urban managers and authorities. This policy has had dual effects. An example of such an approach in planning and designing public spaces is the creation of women's parks. This policy has had different effects. Proponents of the policy believe that the main purpose of planning and designing these exclusive spaces in the city is to increase the use of the city's capacity for more women, not to separate women from men. However, many women rights activists are not optimistic about such urban projects and see the distinction between these parks as a form of social discrimination. Given the consequences and results of the implementation of this urban policy, this question has been addressed in this study: Does promoting women's understanding of the security of the women's park space increase their satisfaction and use of this environment?