شناسايي گونه هاي Leptosphaeria maculans و L.biglobosa با استفاده از برخي خصوصيات ريخت شناسي در شرايط آزمايشگاهي

Identification Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa with some in vitro morphological characteristics

اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ Leptosphaeria maculans و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ L.biglobosa ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺳﺎق ﺳﻴﺎه ﻛﻠﺰا، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ارﺗﺒﺎط رﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ، ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ و ﭘﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪﻳﻮم 49 ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و ﭼﻬﺎر دﻣﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 784 ﺗﻴﻤﺎر( در ﺳﻪ زﻣﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺳﻪ ﺗﻜﺮار اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ و ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ دادهﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ و ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي دﻣﺎﻳﻲ و اﺛﺮات ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺗﻨﻮع در ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ و ﭘﻴﻜﻨﻴﺪﻳﻮم در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﺖ CDB ،PDA ،MEA ،V8 و CDA در ﻫﺮ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از 12 روز در دﻣﺎي 30 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ 48/05 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ( و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن در دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد )17/01 ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ( و در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زاﭘﻚ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ در PDA و دﻣﺎي 30 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ آن در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ MEA و دﻣﺎي 15 درﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮاد ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. در ﻣﺤﻴﻂﻫﺎي و زاﭘﻚ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻗﻬﻮه اﻳﻲ و در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎي PDA و MEA رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ زرد ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ روﻳﺖ ﺷﺪ. 93/78 درﺻﺪ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎ در ﻣﺤﻴﻂ زاﭘﻚ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ رﻧﮕﺪاﻧﻪ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎي L.maculans ﻗﻄﺮ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ ﻛﻢ و در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي L.biglobosa داراي رﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﮔﻨﻪ و ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ دادهﻫﺎي ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﻤﺎرﻳﺰاﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد، ﺟﺪاﻳﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ دﺷﺖ ﻧﺎز، اﺳﻼم آﺑﺎد، ﻓﺎﺿﻞ آﺑﺎد، ﻛﻮﻫﻲ ﺧﻴﻞ و ﺑﻴﻜﺎر آﻳﺶ ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ L.maculans و ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻠﻮﻛﻼ، ﻻﻻ و ﺧﺎﻟﺨﻴﻞ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﺪاﻳﻪ روي ﺧﺮدل در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﻢ L.biglobosa ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ

This study has carried out for distinguishing of Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa (aggressive and non-aggressive groups respectively) using colony growth, ability for pycnidium and pigment production in four mediums and temperatures of Forty nine isolates (Zaman Mirabadi et al., 2010) (totally 784 treatments) in three replication and three times. The result of analysis variation has shown that significant difference between isolates considering colony growth in the different mediums and temperature treatments. The maximum and the minimum colony growth was observed in 30⁰c –v8 juice Agar (48.05 mm) medium and 15⁰c-Czapek Dox Agar (17.01 mm) respectively after 12 days. The greatest and lowest pigment production in the different temperature was observed in PDA and MEA (except in 30⁰c). The minimum and maximum pigment production was observed in 15⁰c and 30⁰c respectively. The percentage of presence yellow-orange and brown pigment was variable in the different treatments. Brown pigment in V8 and CDA was dominated while yellow- orange was seen in PDA and MEA. 93.78 % isolates produced pigment in Czapek Dox Broth. The maximum pycnidium production was observed in V8 and 20⁰c. According to the obtained results, Dasht-Naz, Eslamabad, Fazelabad, Kohi khail and bykar ayesh were belonged to aggressive species (L.maculans) and Talokola, Lala, Khalkhail and mustard isolate too were located as L.biglobosa