پهنه بندي تحول كارست با استفاده از روش تحليل سلسله مراتبي (مطالعه موردي :حوضه كوهستاني كلات ، خراسان رضوي)

فرايند ﺗﺤﻮل ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪي ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪه و ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ از ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن اﺳﺖ. ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﺤﻮل ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ داراي ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه وﯾﮋهاي اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ در ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻼت در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش AHP ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻣﺮاﺗﺒﯽ، ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻟﯿﺘﻮﻟﻮژي، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از ﮔﺴﻞ، ﺷﯿﺐ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺷﯿﺐ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ، ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ازﮔﺴﻞ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ در ﻧﻈﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﺪل ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ، ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﻮق در ﻣﺤﯿﻂ GIS ﻓﺮاﺧﻮاﻧﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻻﯾﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﻗﻀﺎوت ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﺑﺎزدﯾﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﯿﺪاﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﯿﺎر ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. درﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ وزن ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن ﮐﻪ از ﮐﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﮐﻼت، 19/04 درﺻﺪ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ، 24/57 درﺻﺪ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﯿﺎﻓﺘﻪ، 42/01درﺻﺪ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ و 14/38 درﺻﺪ در ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﯿﺘﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ارزش 0/53 ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن و ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮي اراﺿﯽ ﺑﺎ ارزش 0/01 ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ وزن را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ را در ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ زاﯾﯽ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﺣﻮﺿﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، ارﺗﻔﺎع، ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﯽ و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ از آﺑﺮاﻫﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ را در ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻮﻧﯽ ﮐﺎرﺳﺖ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ اﻧﺪ.

The karst transformation process is a complex process influenced by various variables. Understanding the factors contributing to the development and zoning of karst evolution has a special place in the studies of karst land management and resources. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and zoning of karst development potential in Kalat mountain basin in Khorasan Razavi province using AHP method. In this study, using hierarchical analysis, lithology information layers, slope distance, slope direction, elevation, distance from stream, distance from fault and land use were considered as operating maps. Also, in order to extract the karst development potential model, the above layers were invoked in GIS environment. The different layers of information were classified as benchmarks by expert judgment and field visits. Finally, according to the obtained weight, karst development zoning map was obtained. The results showed that out of the total area of Kalat basin, 19.04% were in the less developed class, 24.57% in the under developed class, 42.88% in the middle class and 14.38% in the developed class. The lithology factor of the region with the highest value of 0.53 was the most important factor controlling karst development potential in the study area. It is dedicated. The results show that geological factors ، altitude ، topography and distance from the waterway respectively have the most important role in the current karst development in this region.