ارزيابي شاخص هاي نوشهرسازي با تأكيد بر فشردگي، بازآفريني بافت قديم و پياده مداري (مطالعه موردي شهر مراغه)

جنبش ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي، ﺗﻼﺷﯽ ﺑﺮاي ارﺗﻘﺎي ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﺳﻨﺘﯽ، ﺑﺮاي اﻧﻄﺒﺎق ﺑﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﺪرن اﻣﺮوز و ﭘﯿﭽﯿـﺪﮔﯽ روزاﻓـﺰون اﻗﺘﺼـﺎدي آن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﺶ در ﻗﺮن ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ وﺟﻮد ﮔﺬاﺷﺖ و اﺧﯿﺮاً در دﻫﻪ اﺧﯿﺮ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻣﺴـﺌﻮﻻن و ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎ ﺳـﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺎز ي در ﮐﺸﻮرﻣﺎن ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻧﮕﺮش ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي، اﻧﺴﺎﻧﮕﺮا ﺑﻮدن و ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﮐﺮدن ﻧﻘﺶ اﻧﺴـﺎن در ﺷـﻬ ﺮ اﻣـﺮوزي اﺳﺖ, ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮐﻪ در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ دﯾﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺄﮐﯿـﺪ ﺑـﺮ ﻓﺸـﺮدﮔﯽ ﺑﺎزآﻓﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ و ﭘﯿﺎده ﻣﺪاري در ﺑﺎغ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدي و روش آن ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ- ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و از ﻣـ ﺪل ﻫﺎي ﻫﻠﺪرن و آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻬﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺪار آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ در ﺳﺎل 1390، ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 1/84 اﺳﺖ، و 1/94= )Ln( nﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ و ﻣﻘﺪار آﻧﺘﺮوﭘﯽ ﺷﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﻪ )Ln(nﻧﺰدﯾﮏ ﺑﻮده وﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ي ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﺮال و ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه اﺳﺖ. از ﻃﺮﻓـﯽ ﻧﺘـﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻـﻞ از ﻣﺪل ﻫﻠﺪرن، ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ رﺷﺪ اﻓﻘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﺮاﮐﻢ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ ﻧﺎﺧﺎﻟﺺ زﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﻬﺮي، و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘـﺎً ﻣ ﻨﺠـﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻓﻘﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺑﯽ روﯾﻪ ﺷﻬﺮي ﻃﯽ دﻫﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺧﺮوج ﺳﺎﮐﻨﺎن اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎﻓـﺖ ﻗـﺪﯾﻢ و ﺳـﮑﻮ ﻧﺖ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺷﻬﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه و اﻓﻘﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ رﺷﺪ ﭘﺮاﮐﻨﺪه ﺷﻬﺮي و اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﺴـﯿﺮﻫﺎي دﺳﺘﺮﺳـﯽ ، اﺳـ ﺘﻔﺎده از وﺳﺎﯾﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ وﻧﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ، اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮده و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎت ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎي ﭘﯿﺎده را ﺑـﺎ ﻣﺸـﮑﻼﺗﯽ ﻣﻮاﺟـﻪ ﮐـ ﺮده اﺳـﺖ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ي ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، ﮐﻪ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﺮاﻏﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ اﺻﻮل ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮﺳﺎزي ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Newurbanism is an effort to raise traditional urbanization and to adapt it to modern life today. This movment came to the fore in the twentieth centary and latly in the current decade it was considerd and emphasize on by authorities and urbanization experts in our country. The main charictristics of this attitude is being humanist and bolding human roles in our modern-lif cities just as it was noticible before. The purpose of this study is to study conperhensive development, distressed area, pedestrian Attitude of new urbanism in the city of Maraghe. In this context with utilizing the methods of descriptive, analyctice and field study we try to study existing subject and also we have made use of Holdren and shanon antropy methods.the level of antropy in the year 1390 was 1.84 and Ln n = 1.94, and shanon antropy was close to 1.94, this was a sign of physical development that was scattered and uncompressed. In the other hand the result of Holdern antropy showed the development that happened horizontaly. The unending spread of cities in the recent decades has made. Old texture inhabitants abandon and live in cities that have lead to horizontal and ancompressed city development also because of uncompressed development and increase of access roates, use of public and private vechicles has exceeded and coused problems for pedestrian access. The result indicats that the city of maraghe is not matching with the new urbanism.