بررسي راه‌كارهاي مديريت بحران با تاكيد بر پيشگيري از حريق و حوادث (مورد مطالعه: آتش‌نشاني منطقه 1 و 2 شهر تهران)

يكي از بلايايي كه تاريخچه‌اي طولاني داشته و منشأ به وجود آوردن آن انسان بوده است، حريق يا آتش‌سوزي است. جهت جلوگيري از اين‌گونه حوادث مديريت بحران نقش موثري ايفا مي‌كند. هدف تحقيق بررسي راه‌كارهاي مديريت بحران با تاكيد بر پيشگيري از حريق و حوادث (مورد مطالعه: آتش‌نشاني منطقه 1 و 2 شهر تهران) بود. روش تحقيق توصيفي- پيمايشي است .جامعه آماري پژوهش كاركنان و آتش نشانان سازمان آتش‌نشاني منطقه 1 و 2 شهر تهران است كه بر اساس روش نمونه گيري تصادفي ساده حجم نمونه براساس فرمول كوكران 294 تعيين گرديد. روش تجزيه و تحليل داده‌ها با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS25 اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ.در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺤﺮان ، درﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺣﺮﯾﻖ و ﺣﻮادث ﻣﻮﺛﺮاﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ5 /3 ﺑﺮاي ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺑﺤﺮان، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ و ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺣﯿﻦ ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺣﺮﯾﻖ و ﺣﻮادث 1/5 درﺻﺪ و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﺎدي ﺳﺎزي و ﺑﺎزﺳﺎزي ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺣﺮﯾﻖ و ﺣﻮادث 0/041 ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ راهﮐﺎرﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﺤﺮان ﺑﺮ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي از ﺣﺮﯾﻖ و ﺣﻮادث ﻣﻮﺛﺮ اﺳﺖ و ﻣﯿﺰان اﯾﻦ اﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ 0/062 درﺻﺪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ واﺛﺮﮔﺬاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﯿﺸﮕﯿﺮي و آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ ز ﺑﺤﺮان ﻣﺪﯾﺮان ﻣﯽ-ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻮرﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﺣﺮﯾﻖ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم اﯾﺠﺎد ﺣﻮادث آﻣﺎدﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻻزم را داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨد

One of the disasters that has a long history and originated with man was fire or fire. Crisis management plays an effective role in preventing such incidents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of crisis management strategies with emphasis on fire prevention and accidents (Case study: Fire District 1 and 2 in Tehran). The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in nature. The method of collecting library information was by means of a catch-up tool. The method of data collection was field survey and the required instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire Its validity and reliability were calculated to be 0.927 using Cronbach's squared test. The statistical population of the study was firefighters and firefighting organization staff in district 1 and 2 of Tehran city and the sample size was 294 people based on Cochran formula. The sampling method was simple. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression) using SPSS25 software. Findings showed that pre-crisis preparedness and preparedness factors were effective on fire prevention and accidents with significance level of 0.001. Also, the factor of confrontation and exposure during crisis was effective on fire prevention and accidents with significance level of 0.015. Finally, the post-crisis normalization and reconstruction factor was effective on fire prevention and accidents with a significant level of 0.041. The results showed that crisis management strategies were effective in fire prevention and accidents and their effect was 6%.