تبيين الگوهاي غذايي در سكونت‌گاه هاي روستايي شهرستان جيرفت با رويكرد آمايش سرزمين

روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﻋﻠﯽ رﻏﻢ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺤﻮري در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻏﺬا، اﻣﺮوزه ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪ از ﻟﺤﺎظ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در اﻟﮕﻮي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﻗﺪرت و دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن در ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﯾﺤﺘﺎج اوﻟﯿﻪ، ﺳﻮء ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ و ﻧﺎاﻣﻨﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ را در اﯾﻦ ﺳﮑﻮﻧﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ارﻣﻐﺎن آورده اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ در ﭘﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﻮال ﮐﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﯿﺮﻓﺖ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ و ﭼﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﺑﺮ آن ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ دارﻧﺪ، ﺑﺎ روش ﭘﯿﻤﺎﯾﺶ و اﺑﺰار ﭘﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺪل ﺗﺌﻮرﯾﮏ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺎ روﯾﮑﺮد آﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺳﺮزﻣﯿﻦ ﺳﻪ دﺳﺘﻪ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ راﯾﺞ در ﺑﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن اراﯾﻪ ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ: ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 14 وﻋﺪه اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻬﺎر و ﺷﺎم در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ؛ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ)ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/99 دﻓﻌﻪ(، ﻣﻮاد ﻗﻨﺪي ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗﻨﺪ، ﺷﮑﺮ و ﺷﯿﺮﯾﻨﯽ)ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/71 دﻓﻌﻪ( و ﻟﺒﻨﯿﺎت)ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 4/70دﻓﻌﻪ( و ﻣﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﯿﮕﻮ) ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ 1/61 دﻓﻌﻪ( ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻣﺼﺮف ﺑﺮﻧﺞ در ﺑﯿﻦ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯿﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺷﯿﺮ و ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي آن، ﺳﺒﺰي و ﻣﯿﻮه ﺟﺎت، ﺣﺒﻮﺑﺎت، ﻣﻮادﻗﻨﺪي ﻣﺮغ راﺑﻄﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ داري داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ)ﺑﺎ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش اﺛﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺗﻘﺎرن زﻣﺎن ﮔﺮدآوري داده ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻣﺼﺮف ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ(. دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ آب ﻣﻮردﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي و داﻣﯽ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺷﯿﺮ و ﻓﺮآورده ﻫﺎي آن در ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮارﻫﺎي روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ دارد)0/47=R ,5/63 =Sig=0 /03, F(. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع درآﻣﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﯿﺎﻧﻪ در ﭘﯿﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻓﺮوش ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺒﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﻣﺼﺮف اﻧﻮاع ﮔﻮﺷﺖ، ﻏﺬاﻫﺎي رژﯾﻤﯽ، ﮐﻨﺴﺮوﻫﺎ و... ﺑﺎ )0/52=R ,11/61=Sig=0, F(. و ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻮادﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ )0/01=Sig=0/01, F=7/44, R( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ اراﯾﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد وﺿﻌﯿﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﯾﺸﺎن اراﯾﻪ ﺷﻮد.

Despite the central role of food production, villagers are now one of the most vulnerable groups in terms of food security due to climate, economic and social changes. Changes in food patterns have led to poor nutrition and severe food insecurity in these settlements due to the poor power and access of villagers to the supply of basic food. This research attempts to answer the question of how dietary patterns among rural households in Jiroft city are affected and what factors affect it. The survey was conducted using a survey method and a questionnaire. The theoretical model of research with the approach of land management has identified three types of environmental, social and economic factors as the main factors explaining the patterns of popular food among villagers. Findings of the research show that rural households had a total of 14 main lunches and dinners per week; rice (average 4.99 times); artificial sugars such as sugar, sugar and sweetmeats (average 4.71 times) and dairy products (average 4.7 Times) and fish and shrimp (average 1.61 times). The consumption of rice among the villagers was significantly correlated with consumption of other foods including milk and herbs, vegetables and fruits, legumes, and chicken grass (with the acceptance of the positive effect of the symmetry of the data collection time on harvesting the consumption of rural households ) Access to water needed for agricultural and livestock production is the most important factor explaining the use of milk and its products among rural households (R = 0.47, F = 5.628, Sig = 0.028). In sum, the annual income associated with the sale price of agricultural products is the most important factor explaining how the consumption of food, especially consumption of meat, dietary foods, canned foods, et