ارزيابي مدل AquaCrop در شبيه سازي عملكرد دانه و كارايي مصرف آب گندم تحت شرايط مختلف آبياري در مزرعه

Evaluation of AquaCrop for Simulation of Wheat Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency under Different Irrigation Condition in Farm

ﮔﻨﺪم ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه زراﻋﯽ در دﻧﯿﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﺷﺎﯾﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﯿﺶﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد آن در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آﺑﯿﺎري در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ دﻟﯿﻞ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ دﻗﺖ ﻣﺪل AquaCrop، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺪلﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎن، ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ آب آﺑﯿﺎري ﺗﺤﺖ ﮐﺸﺖ زارﻋﯿﻦ، ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ در ﺷﺒﮑﻪ آﺑﯿﺎري ﮐﻮﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، دادهﻫﺎي ده ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺷﺒﮑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ 70 درﺻﺪ دادهﻫﺎ ﺑﺮاي واﺳﻨﺠﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ واﺳﻨﺠﯽ AquaCrop ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل داراي ﺧﻄﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺻﺤﺖﺳﻨﺠﯽ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 30 درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻗﯿﻤﺎﻧﺪه دادهﻫﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه و ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﺷﺪه ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/45 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و 0/05 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ ﺑﻮد. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ آﻣﺎرهﻫﺎي RMSE ،MBE و NRMSE ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﮔﻨﺪم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/14 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر، 0/52 ﺗﻦ در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و 0/13 و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/01 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ، 0/06 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﮑﻌﺐ و 0/10 ﺑﻮد. آﻣﺎرهﻫﺎي EF و d ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/3 و 0/99 و ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ 0/1 و 0/99 ﺑﻮد. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ، دﻗﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻫﺮ دو ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮل ﺑﻮد و ﻣﯽﺗﻮان از اﯾﻦ ﻣﺪل ﺑﺮاي ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺳﺎزي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب در ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد

Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world. So, use of crop models helps to have an acceptable estimation of its grain yield in different conditions. Regarding that, in order to evaluate AquaCrop, as one of the most useful crop model, under different irrigation water condition in farm, this research was conducted in Kosar irrigation network located at Khuzistan province. Regarding that, long term data in three farms were collected. Then, 70 percent of data were used for calibration. AquaCrop validation results showed that this model had low error and good efficiency. AquaCrop were evaluated using the remaining 30 percent of data. Results showed that the difference between observed and simulated results for wheat grain yield and water use efficiency were 0.45 ton.ha-1 and 0.05 kg.m-3, respectively. In addition, MBE, RMSE and NRMSE results for wheat grain yield were 0.14 ton.ha-1, 0.52 ton.ha-1 and 0.13, respectively. Those results for water use efficiency were 0.01 kg.m-3, 0.06 kg.m-3 and 0.10, respectively. EF and d values for wheat grain yield 0.3 and 0.99, respectively, and those values for water use efficiency were 0.1 and 0.99, respectively. So, AquaCrop accuracy was acceptable for simulation of both parameters and it is recommended to use this model for simulation of mentioned parameters.