پايداري عملكرد ژنوتيپ هاي اميدبخش نخود در كشت پائيزه با استفاده از روش GGEbiplot

Yield Stability of chickpea promising Genotypes in autumn planting of Using GGE biplot

ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮ ﻣﺤﺼﻮل و ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﻧﺨﻮد در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﻮد. در اﯾﻦ آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ 18 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻧﺨﻮد در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار و در ﭼﻬﺎر اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، اﯾﻼم، ﮔﭽﺴﺎران و ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ )95-1393( در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ دﯾﻢ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ در ﻣﺤﯿﻂﻫﺎي ﺧﺮمآﺑﺎد ﺳﺎل دوم )2911/5 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و اﯾﻼم ﺳﺎل اول )742/9 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪ. از ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻧﺨﻮد ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ، ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺑﻪ ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي G2 )1509/47 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و G13 )1266/3 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داﺷﺖ. ﺳﻬﻢ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ، ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ و اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ آنﻫﺎ در ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 87/7، 0/65 و 11/64 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎي ﭘﻼت ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﺷﺪ و ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻣﻘﺎدﯾﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﺮد، دو ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ اول ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ 36/6=PC1 و 19/5=PC2 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﻞ دادهﻫﺎ را ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻤﻮدار GGE ﺑﺎي ﭘﻼت، ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎي G6 ،G2 و G12 از ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮي ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ G2 از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﻧﯿﺰ ﻧﺸﺎن داد و ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮ ﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾد

The purpose of this study was to identify genotype of high yielding and stable types in different environmental conditions. The experiment was conducted using eighteen chickpea genotypes in randomized complete bloch design with three replications in four agricultural research stations i.e. lorestan Ilam,gachsaran and Gonbad ,two successive cropping seasons (2014-2016) in autumn planting under rainfed conditions. The highest average seed yield (2911.5 kg.ha-1) was obtained at Lorestan in 2015 -16 and the lowest (742.9 kg.ha-1) was at Ilam in 2014-15. The highest and lowest average seed yield obtained in G2(1509.4 kg.ha-1) and G13 (1266.3 kg.ha-1), genotypes, respectively.The contribution of E, G, and GEI to the total variation in seed yield was about 87.7%, 0.65 % and 11.64%, respectively. The GEI was partitioned using GGE biplot model. According to singular value partitioning, the first two principal components explained PC1=36.6% and PC2=19.5% of total variations in data of seed yield. On the basis of GGE biplots, G2, G6 and G12 had high seed yield and yield stability as compared to the other genotypes.Genotypes G2,G17,G12,G4 and G6 were stable genotypes .On the other hand , genotype G2 had higher seed yield and , on the other hand , showed higher yield stability and was showed to be superior genotype compared to other.