بررسي تاثير محلول پاشي متانول بر برخي صفات فيزيولوژيكي لوبيا چشم بلبلي (.Vigna unguiculata L) در شرايط تنش كم آبي

The effect of methanol foliar application on some physiological traits of cowpea bean (Vigna unguiculata L.) under drought stress conditions

ﺑﻪﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ ﻟﻮﺑﯿﺎ ﭼﺸﻢﺑﻠﺒﻠﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت اﺳﭙﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮرﯾﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار ﻃﯽ دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﯽ 1396 و 1397 در ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺻﻔﯽآﺑﺎد دزﻓﻮل ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا در آﻣﺪ. ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎر ﺳﻄﺢ )75 ،50 ،25 و 100 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺄﻣﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎه(، ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 3 ﺳﻄﺢ )ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 10 و 20 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ( و ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ در دو ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ رﻗﻢ اﻣﯿﺪﺑﺨﺶ 1057 و رﻗﻢ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ در ﮐﺮتﻫﺎي ﻓﺮﻋﯽ ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد، ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺸﺖ ﯾﻮﻧﯽ، ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a، ﮐﺎرﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪﻫﺎ، ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺑﺮگ و ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ در ﺳﻄﺢ اﺣﺘﻤﺎل ﯾﮏ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري داﺷﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺸﺖ ﯾﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ 10 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل )23/25 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮس ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻧﺸﺖ ﯾﻮﻧﯽ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ 25 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل )42/25 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮس ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺑﻮد. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a در ﻻﯾﻦ 1057 ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﮑﻨﺶ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ 20 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل )0/19 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﮐﺎروﺗﻨﻮﺋﯿﺪ در ﻻﯾﻦ 1057 ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ )0/19 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪرات ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﺗﺤﺖ اﺛﺮ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺗﺎﻣﯿﻦ 100 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ 20 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل )50/83 ﻣﯿﮑﺮوﻣﻮل ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ي ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ﻧﯿﺰ در رﻗﻢ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ 75 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﯽ 10 درﺻﺪ ﺣﺠﻤﯽ )0/078 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ( و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﭘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ داﻧﻪ ﻧﯿﺰ در رﻗﻢ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮐﻢ آﺑﯽ 25 درﺻﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ و ﻋﺪم ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﭘﺎﺷﯽ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮل 0/178 ﻣﯿﻠﯽ ﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮم وزن ﺗﺮ ﺑﻮد.

The aim of this study id analysis the effect of methanol foliar application on the physiological traits of beans genotype under water deficit stress as a split plot design was conducted in a randomized complete block design in Safiabad Dezful Agricultural Research and Natural Resources and Center in 2018 and 2019 years. Water deficit stress was the main plots include four levels (25, 50, 75 and 100% of plant water requirement) and combined foliar aplication of methanol including 3 levels (control, 10 and 20%) and genotype treatment including two cultivars omidbakhsh 1057 an‎d Mashhad was in sub-plots. The results showed that the interaction of water deficit stress and foliar application of methanol on ion leakage, chlorophyll a, carotenoids, leaf soluble carbohydrates and proline grains was significant at the 1% probability level. The lowest amount of ionic leakage observed under the interaction of 100% water deficit stress and 10% foliar aplication of methanol (25/23 μmos/cm) and The highest amount of ion leakage under the interaction of 25% water deficit stress and the without foliar aplication of methanol (control) (42.25 μmos/cm). The highest amount of chlorophyll a was observed in line 1057 under the 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW). The highest concentration of carotenoids in line 1057 under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress (0.19 µmol.g-1 FW) and the highest amount of soluble carbohydrates under the treatment of 100% water deficit stress and 20% foliar aplication of methanol (50.83 µmol.g-1 FW) was observed