ارزيابي برخي ارقام و اكوتيپ هاي يونجه (.Medicago sativa L) از نظر صفات زراعي، مورفولوﮋيكي وكيفي

Evaluation of some cultivars and ecotypes of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) for agronomic, morphological and qualitative traits

اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮐﻤﯽ و ﮐﯿﻔﯽ ارﻗﺎم و اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ اﯾﺮاﻧﯽ و ﺧﺎرﺟﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺻﻔﺎت و ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر 12 رﻗﻢ و اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﯾﻮﻧﺠﻪ در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ در ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﮐﺮج ﺑﻪ اﺟﺮا درآﻣﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪت دو ﺳﺎل )1395-1396( ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ، ﺻﻔﺎت زراﻋﯽ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺳﺮﻋﺖ رﺷﺪ ﻣﺠﺪد و ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺳﺎﻗﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﮔﯿﺎه و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درﺻﺪ ﭘﺮوﺗﺌﯿﻦ ﺧﺎم، ﻣﯿﺰان ﺧﺎﮐﺴﺘﺮ، درﺻﺪ ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﺧﺎم، اﻟﯿﺎف ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه اﺳﯿﺪي )ADF(، اﻟﯿﺎف ﻧﺎﻣﺤﻠﻮل در ﺷﻮﯾﻨﺪه ﺧﻨﺜﯽ )NDF( و ﮐﺮﺑﻮﻫﯿﺪراتﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. اﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺳﺎل × اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺑﺮاي ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺗﺮ و ﻣﺎده ﺧﺸﮏ ﮐﻞ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﻮد. از ﺑﯿﻦ اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺷﺪه، اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان، ﻣﻠﮏﮐﻨﺪي و ﻗﻬﺎوﻧﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﺳﺎده ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ آن ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﺮ و ﺧﺸﮏ )0/98( وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎي اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ 74 درﺻﺪ از ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﮐﻞ، ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دو ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اول ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﺧﻮﺷﻪاي ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ را در ﺳﻪ ﮔﺮوه ﻗﺮار داد. در ﮔﺮوه اول اﮐﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻗﻬﺎوﻧﺪ، ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮان و ﻣﻠﮏﮐﻨﺪي ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، در ﮔﺮوه دوم ﭼﺎﻟﺸﺘﺮ، ﻟﺠﻨﺪ و ﺳﮑﻮﺋﻞ از ﻧﻈﺮﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. در ﮔﺮوه ﺳﻮم ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ارﻗﺎم ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ در ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ

This study was performed to evaluate and compare quantitative and qualitative forage yield of Iranian and foreign alfalfa cultivars and ecotypes as well as correlation between traits and genetic variation among them. Therefore, 12 cultivars and ecotypes of alfalfa were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications at research field of Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran for two years 2016-2017. The results showed significant differences for forage yield, agronomic traits and forage quality. Significant interactions of year × ecotype was observed for fresh forage yield and total dry forage yields and also plant height. Among the studied ecotypes, the ecotypes Mohajeran, Malekkandi and Ghahavand indicted the highest fresh and dry forage yield. The results of simple correlation showed that the highest positive and significant correlation between fresh and dry forage yield (0.98). Principal component analysis showed that 74% of the total variance was justified by the first two components. Results of cluster analysis divided the studied genotypes into three groups. In the first group, the ecotypes of Ghahavand, Mohajeran and Malekandi were considered to be the best in terms of forage yield, while in the second group they were Chaleshtar, Legend and Sequel were best for forage quality. In the third group, the other cultivars were classified as having average forage yield and quality