ارزيابي ژنتيكي صفات فيزيولوژيكي مرتبط با تحمل به خشكي در برخي از ژنوتيپ‌هاي گندم نان در شرايط ديم

Genetic evaluation of physiological Traits related to drought tolerance in some bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions

ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ارﺗﺒﺎط ﻓﻨﻮﺗﯿﭙﯽ و ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭙﯽ ﻣﯿﺎن ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺸﮑﯽ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻨﻮع ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﺑﺮآورد ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺼﻪﻫﺎ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ دﯾﻢ، 19 ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﮔﻨﺪم ﻧﺎن در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺗﯽ ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﮐﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه رازي ﮐﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل 1393-94 ﮐﺸﺖ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ وارﯾﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﺑﯿﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻏﺸﺎ، ﻣﯿﺰان آب ﻧﺴﺒﯽ ازدﺳﺖرﻓﺘﻪ، آب ازدﺳﺖرﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮگ، آب ﺣﻔﻆﺷﺪه ﺑﺮگ، ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻣﺼﺮف آب و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﺸﺖ دﯾﻢ وﺟﻮد دارد. ﻧﻤﺎي ﭼﻨﺪﺿﻠﻌﯽ ﺑﺎيﭘﻼت ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ - ﺻﻔﺖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﺷﻤﺎره 12 )4931-wc( ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯾﻦ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﻮﺗﯿﭗﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف آب، آب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﯾﺪهﺷﺪه و ﻣﯿﺰان ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻮد. راﺑﻄﻪ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ و ﻣﻌﻨﯽداري ﻣﯿﺎن راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف آب و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﻓﺘﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺘﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ II و آب ازدﺳﺖرﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺮگ و ﻣﯿﺎن آب ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪه در ﺑﺮگﻫﺎي ﺑﺮﯾﺪهﺷﺪه و درﺟﻪ ﺳﺒﺰﯾﻨﮕﯽ ﺑﺮگ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ، وراﺛﺖﭘﺬﯾﺮي و ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮاي ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ، ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻏﺸﺎ و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف آب ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﻋﻤﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ ژنﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﯾﻦاﺳﺎس، ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻻي اﺛﺮات اﻓﺰاﯾﺸﯽ در ﺻﻔﺎت ﭘﺎﯾﺪاري ﻏﺸﺎ، ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد داﻧﻪ و راﻧﺪﻣﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف آب، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب در ﻧﺴﻞ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﯿﻪ در ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﺻﻼﺣﯽ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮد.

In order to investigate phenotypic and genotypic correlations between physiological characteristics related to drought tolerance and genetic variation and estimating the genetic parameters of these indices in rain-fed condition, 19 genotypes of bread wheat were cultivated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Agricultural Research Campus Natural Resources of Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran during 2014-15. analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences for the grain yield (YS), the cell membrane stability )CMS), the relative water loss )RWL(, the leaf water loss (LWL), the relative water protective (RWP), the water use efficiency )WUE( and the leaf greenish value )LGV( under rain-fed condition. The polygon view of GT biplot showed that genotype no. 12 (wc-4931) was the best genotype compared to other genotypes due to YS, WUE, ELWR and LGV. A high positive genetic and phenotypic relation was observed between WUE and Ys, FV/FM and LWL and, ELWR and LGV. In other hand, High heritability and genetic gain were observed for YS, CMS and WUE that reflect the additive gene action. Accordingly, due to the high propotion of additive effects in CMS, YS and WUE, it was suggested that the evaluation of genotypes must be done at erarly generarion of inbreeding.