پاسخ گياه گوجه فرنگي در شرايط القاي مقاومت به رايزوكتونيا سولاني با استفاده از عوامل بيوكنترل باكتريايي جهش يافته با پرتو گاما

Tomato Plant Response to Induction of Resistance to R. solani Using Gamma irradiated Bacterial Biocontrol mutants

ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ در ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ اﻟﻘﺎي ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ راﯾﺰوﮐﺘﻮﻧﯿﺎ ﺳﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﺗﻮ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ازﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮي ﺑﺎﺳﯿﻠﻮس ﺷﺎﻣﻞB419 B1 B600 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺟﻬﺶ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺷﻌﻪ ﮔﺎﻣﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﻠﯽ ﻓﻨﻞ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاز در ﮔﯿﺎه آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. اﯾﻦ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﻠﯽ ﻓﻨﻞ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاز ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ اﯾﻦ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ اﮐﺴﯿﺪاﺳﯿﻮن در ﮔﯿﺎه اﺳﺖ. ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎي ﺗﯿﻤﺎر B1+P ﺳﻄﻮح ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢ ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪاز ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﺗﺮي را ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﯿﺎه آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ.ﮐﻠﯿﻪ ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻮﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﺎﮐﺘﺮﯾﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ در ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ a ﻧﺸﺎن دادﻧﺪ. در ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﺷﺪه ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﮐﻨﺘﺮل، ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﮐﻠﺮوﻓﯿﻞ b در ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎي B1+P وB600+P ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ وﻗﻮع ﺑﯿﻤﺎري در ﮔﯿﺎه آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ و ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ وﻗﻮع در ﺗﯿﻤﺎر B419 + P ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻫﻢ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﯿﻮﮐﻨﺘﺮل ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد در ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﯽ ﺷﺪه و ﺣﺘﯽ درﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﻤﺎرﮔﺮ و ﺟﺪاﯾﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﺖ B419 ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﺪ

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tomato plant induced resistance to Rhizoctonia solani using bio-control bacteria of Bacillus subtilis. Three bacterial isolates including B1 (un-irradiated B. subtilis), B600 and B419 (gamma-irradiated B. subtilis mutants) were used in this study. Results showed the highest activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme in plant infected with pathogen. This increase in polyphenol oxidase activity was due to the response of the plant to the pathogen, which led to an increase in the activity of the enzyme, indicating an increase in oxidation in the plant. All treatments except B1 + Pathogen showed lower levels of peroxidase enzyme activity than the pathogen infected plant. All the plants treated with bio-control bacterial showed a significant increase in chlorophyll a compared to control. In plants treated with bio-control agents, the highest level of chlorophyll b in B600 + Pathogen and B1 + Pathogen were measured. The highest Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in plant pathogen (negative control) and the lowest DI was observed in plants treated with B419 + Pathogen. In plants treated with bio-control agent, the highest amount of chlorophyll b was calculated in B1 + Pathogen and B600 + Pathogen treatments. The highest percentage of Disease Incidence percentage (DI%) was observed in the pathogen-infected plant and the lowest in the B419 + Pathogen treatment. The treatment with bio-control agent increased tomato yield and even the highest yield was recorded in the B419 + Pathogen treatment.