بازتاب اگزيستانس درداستان گل هاي گوشتي صادق چوبك

Existential reflection on The Story of Sadegh Chubak's Broiler Flowers

اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﮥ اﺻﺎﻟﺖ وﺟﻮد ﯾﮑﯽ ازﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ و ﺗﺄ ﺛﯿﺮﮔﺬار ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺒﻬﺎي ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ و ادﺑﯽ ﺟﻬﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻬﺪ ﭘﯿﺪاﯾﺶ آن » اروﭘﺎ« اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ وادﺑﯽ، ﻓﺮد اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯽ آﮔﺎه ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و در ﺗﺠﺮﺑﮥ ﻫﺴﺘﯽ و ﻟﻤﺲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي وﺟﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﺑﯽ واﺳﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮزي »ﻣﺮگ، رﻧﺞ ،ﺗﺮس و ﮔﻨﺎه « روﯾﺎرو ﺷﺪه، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺳﺒﺐ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺴﺎن از اﺑﻌﺎد ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ي دروﻧﯽ ﺧﻮﯾﺶ اﻃﻼع ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ، ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺑﺸﻨﺎﺳﺪ. ﯾﮑﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي داﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻞ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ ، اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدن آن اﺳﺖ. اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ ﺑﻮدن اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن،ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ از ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ درﺳﺖ ﺻﺎدق ﭼﻮﺑﮏ از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ،دردﻫﺎ وﻣﺸﮑﻼت اﺳﺎﺳﯽ آن ﺑﺮﻣﯽﺧﯿﺰد. اﯾﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺧﻮد از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ دﻏﺪﻏﻪ ﻫﺎي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ اﺳﺖ. داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﺳﺮاﺳﺮ ﭘﺮ از ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻨﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻣﺮگ ورﻧﺞ ،ﺗﺮس وﮔﻨﺎه اﺳﺖ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﯽ ﮐﻮﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ زﺷﺘﯽ ﻫﺎ ، ﻓﺴﺎد وﻧﺎﺑﺮاﺑﺮي ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد اﺟﺘﻤﺎع را در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺧﻮاﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺸﺪ ،ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ آن ﭘﯿﺎﻣﺪﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ ﺑﯽ ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﯽ را ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ. ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ ي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺧﻮد از ﺳﺮﻧﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺸﺮ راﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎط ﺑﻨﯿﺎدي اﺳﺘﻮار ﺳﺎﺧﺖ و ﺳﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ي ﻫﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮاي آن در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﻫﺪف اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ روﺷﻨﮕﺮي ﺳﻪ اﺻﻞ اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ )اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎﻧﯽ ، اﺧﻼﻗﯽ واﯾﻤﺎﻧﯽ( در داﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻞ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺣﺎﮐﯽ از ﺗﺄ ﺛﯿﺮ ﺟﻬﺎن ﺑﯿﻨﯽ ﭼﻮﺑﮏ از ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﻠﺴﻮﻓﺎن اﺳﺖ. ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎي اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن از ﻣﺮ ﺣﻠﻪ ي اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ اﺳﺘﺤﺴﺎﻧﯽ واﺧﻼﻗﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ روﻧﺪ ، وﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﮥ اﮔﺰﯾﺴﺘﺎﻧﺲ اﯾﻤﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺮدﻧﺪ.

Existence is one of the most important and influential philosophical and literary schools in the world, the birthplace of which is called "Europe." Being directly confronted with the boundary situations of "death, suffering, fear, and sin", these situations enable one to become aware of his innermost hidden dimensions and to know himself better. One of the features of the broiler story is its socialization. The sociality of this story largely stems from Sadegh Chubak's accurate understanding of society, its pains and problems. This is one of the most important concerns of existences. This author's stories are full of themes such as death, fear, and guilt. This author seeks to portray the ugliness, corruption, and inequality of society in the eyes of readers, in addition to illustrating the consequences of this injustice. Existentialist philosophy based its analysis of human destiny on Robber based on three fundamental inferences and considered three signs of existence. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the three existential principles (sensory, moral, and faith) in the story of broiler flowers. The results indicate that Chubak's worldview is influenced by philosophical analysis. The characters in this story do not rise above the stage of moral and moral existence, and do not reach the stage of faith existence.