بررسي انعكاس كهن الگوهاي آنيما و سايه در شعر پست مدرن با تكيه بر اشعار سيد مهدي موسوي

Study of the Reflection of Anima and Shadow Archetypes in Postmodern Poetry based on the Poems of Seyyed Mahdi Mousavi

ﻧﻘﺪ ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﯾﯽ، ﻋﻠﻢ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي دروﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻟﻘﺎن آﺛﺎر ﻫﻨﺮي اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻈﺮﯾﮥ ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﮐﺎرل ﮔﻮﺳﺘﺎو ﯾﻮﻧﮓ، ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮد، از ﻻﯾﻪﻫﺎي دروﻧﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺟﻤﻌﯽ در ارﺗﺒﺎط اﺳﺖ. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﻦ ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﻣﯽﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ آﻧﯿﻤﺎ و ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮد. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺷﻌﺎر ﭘﺴﺖ ﻣﺪرن ﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﯿﻪ ﺑﺮ دو ﮐﻬﻦ اﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎﯾﻪ و آﻧﯿﻤﺎ اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺎه اﯾﻦ دو ﻻﯾﮥ دروﻧﯽ در اﺷﻌﺎر ﺷﺎﻋﺮ و ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ دو ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﺑﺮ اﺻﻮل ﭘﺴﺖﻣﺪرﻧﯿﺴﻢ، ﺑﺎز در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻗﺎﻟﺐﻫﺎي ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻧﺎﺧﻮدآﮔﺎه ﺟﻤﻌﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺑﻪ ﭘﯿﺮوي از ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪه ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﺎن ﮐﻬﻦاﻟﮕﻮي ﺳﺎﯾﻪ، ﻗﺪرت ﻣﺤﮑﻢﺗﺮي در ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﺷﺎﻋﺮ دارد. او ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮهﺧﻮردﮔﯽ ﺳﺎﯾﻪ و ﺗﺎرﯾﮑﯽ و ﺑﺮ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺳﮑﻮت و ﯾﺎرﯾﮕﺮي آﻧﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺟﻠﻮهﻫﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻮﺳﻮي، ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺠﺮه، ﺟﻼد، داﯾﺮه، دراﮐﻮﻻ، آﺳﻤﺎن ﺗﺎر و ﻗﺼﺎب را ﺑﻪ ﻧﻤﺎدﻫﺎي ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺳﺎﯾﻪ اﻓﺰوده و ﺑﺮاي آﻧﯿﻤﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ از ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻣﻌﺸﻮق، ﺻﺒﺢ، ﻣﺎدر، ﻫﻤﺴﺮ، درﯾﺎ، اﺑﺮ و ﻧﻮر ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮده اﺳﺖ.

Archetypal critique is the science of examining the signs and symbols of the inner layers of art creators. Carl Gustav Jung's theory of archetypes is based on the fact that the personality of each individual is composed of several inner layers that are related to the collective subconscious. Among the most prominent of these archetypes are anime and shadows. The present research aims to study postmodern poems based on the two archetypes of shadow and anima to identify the place of these two inner layers in the poems of poet and the symbols related to these two archetypes. The obtained results indicated that the poet, despite emphasizing the principles of postmodernism, is placed again within the framework of the collective subconscious mind and is forced to follow the marked structures of archetypes. In the meantime, the shadow archetype has a stronger power in the poet’s personality. He has paid more attention to the entanglement of shadows and darkness and also the feature of silence and assistance of anima more than other features. It was also found that Mousavi added the symbols of window, executioner, circle, Dracula, sky and butcher to the usual symbols of shadows and for the anima, he used the common signs of lover, morning, mother, wife, sea, cloud and light.