تبيين چالش‌ها و نيازهاي زلزله‌زدگان استان كرمانشاه در سال 1396: يك مطالعه كيفي

Explaining the Challenges, and Needs of Earthquake Victims in Kermanshah Province in 2017: A Qualitative Study

مقدمه و اهداف: در 21 آبان 1396 زلزله‌اي به بزرگي 7.3 ريشتر در استان كرمانشاه رخ داد. بررسي چالش‌ها و نيازهاي قربانيان در چنين حوادثي مي‌تواند منبع مهمي براي برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي آتي و مديريت بهتر چنين شرايطي باشد؛ بنابراين، هدف اين مطالعه تبيين چالش‌ها و نيازهاي زلزله‌زدگان اين زلزله است. روش كار: اين پژوهش يك مطالعه كيفي است. بيست‌ونه مصاحبه نيمه ساختاريافته با سياست‌گذاران، مديران و ارائه‌دهندگان خدمات سلامت و امدادي در مناطق زلزله‌زده و 10 بحث گروهي متمركز با آسيب ديدگان زلزله از دي تا اسفند 1396 انجام گرفت. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آناليز محتوي قراردادي تحليل شد. يافته‌ها: نيازها و چالش‌هاي موجود در زلزله كرمانشاه در سه بازه زماني بعد از زلزله دسته‌بندي شد. 1- چالش‌ها و نيازهاي چند روز اول زلزله شامل سه‌طبقه فرعي مديريتي، امداد و نجات و چالش‌هاي مراقبت درماني فوري بودند. 2- چالش‌ها و نيازهاي چند هفته اول زلزله شامل سه‌طبقه فرعي اسكان و كمك‌هاي فوري، خدمات بهداشت عمومي و دسترسي به مراقبت‌هاي درماني بودند و 3- نيازها و چالش‌هايي چند ماه بعد از زلزله شامل چهار طبقه فرعي اقتصادي، اجتماعي، زيرساختي و نيازها و خدمات بهداشتي و درماني بودند. تغيير نيازهاي سلامتي زلزله‌زدگان با مرور زمان بود؛ بنابراين، توصيه مي‌گردد اعزام نيروهاي امدادي به مناطق بحران‌زده برنامه‌ريزي‌شده و مبتني بر نياز باشد.

Background and Objectives: On 12 November 2017, an earthquake with a magnitude of 7.3 on the Richter scale occurred in Kermanshah Province. Explaining the challenges and needs of the victims in such circumstances can be an important source of information for future planning and better management of such conditions. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explain the challenges and needs of the earthquake victims. Methods: This study was a qualitative study. Twenty-nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, policymakers, and health and emergency relief providers in earthquake areas, and 10 focused group discussions were held with earthquake victims from December to February 2016. The data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results: The needs and challenges in Kermanshah earthquake were classified into three periods after the earthquake: 1. Challenges and needs in the first few days with three sub-categories including management, rescue services, and urgent care, 2- Challenges and needs in the first few weeks after the earthquake with three sub-categories including housing and emergency assistance, public health services, and access to health care; and 3. Needs and challenges in several months after the earthquake with four sub-categories including economic, social, infrastructural and health service needs. Conclusion: Lack of unity of command was the main challenge in this earthquake. Another point was the health needs of victim earthquakes over time. Therefore, dispatching of aid forces to the affected areas during natural disasters should be based on planning and needs.