بررسي جرم شناختي جرايم عليه امنيت كشور با رويكرد جامعه شناسي جنايي

Criminological study of crimes against security of state in perspective of criminal sociology

جرايم عليه امنيت كشور جرايمي هستند كه مستقيماً قصد ضربه زدن به امنيت جامعه و حكومت را داشته و در پي نابودي پايه هاي حاكميت هستند. گسترش وقوع چنين جرايمي در دهه هاي اخير، سياست كيفري امنيت مدار را به دنبال داشته و به تبع آن جرم‌شناسي امنيتي ظهور كرده كه مجرم را موجودي خطرناك قلمداد نموده و هيچ حقوقي براي وي قائل نيست. مسئله اصلي اين است كه عوامل موثر در بروز اين جرايم و تدابير پيشگيرانه آن چيست؟ اهداف اين تحقيق، تبيين عوامل متعدد اجتماعي، فرهنگي و سياسي و همچنين ارائه تدابير پيشگيرانه است. از مهم ترين اين عوامل مي توان به بي عدالتي، تبعيض و برخوردهاي سركوب گرايانه اشاره كرد و از مهمترين راهكارهاي پيشگيري از چنين جرايمي مي توان به تامين حقوق و آزادي هاي افراد و اجراي عدالت در جامعه اشاره كرد. روش تحقيق در اين مقاله به طريق توصيفي و تحليلي است. بر اين اساس، مقاله حاضر در صدد علت‌شناسي اجتماعي و راهكارهاي پيشگيري كيفري و غيركيفري از جرايم عليه امنيت از طريق تطبيق با نظريه هاي جامعه شناسي جنايي، جرم شناسي كلاسيك و انتقادي و همچنين مكتب زميولوژي و آموزه هاي عدالت ترميمي- با تاكيد بر حقوق كيفري ايران- مي‌باشد.

Crimes against the security of the state are crimes that directly intend to harm the security of society or the state and seek to destroy the foundations of sovereignty. The spread of such crimes in recent decades has led to a security-oriented penal policy, and consequently security-oriented criminology has emerged that considers offender dangerous and doesn’t consider any right for him/her. The main issue is that what are the effective factors in the occurrence of these crimes and its preventive measures? The objectives of this study are to explain the various social, cultural and political factors as well as to provide preventive measures. In commission of these crimes, numerous social, cultural and political factors can play role that is necessary to notice them in order to prevention or reducing of these crimes. The most important of these factors are injustice, discrimination, and repressive attitudes and one of the most important ways to prevent such crimes is to ensure the rights and freedoms of individuals and the administration of justice in society. The research method in this article is descriptive and analytical. The present article seeks to study the social etiology and criminal and non-criminal strategies of prevention of crime against security by adapting to criminal sociology, classical and critical criminology theories as well as to school of zemiology and the teachings of restorative justice - with emphasis on Iranian criminal law.