بررسي تعارض تحريم و جرم انگاري پول شويي با قواعد فقهي لاضرر و ملكيت يد

A Survey on contradiction of crime considering of Money Laundering through juridical formulas of no harm and possessive hand

ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺟﺮاﯾﻢ ﻧﻮﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺣﻘﻮق ﮐﯿﻔﺮي و ﻣﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ و ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﭘﻮل ﺷﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﻓﻘﻬﺎ در ﻣﻮاﺟﻬﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺟﺮم ﻧﻮﭘﺪﯾﺪ و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻨﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﺎوﯾﻨﯽ ﭼﻮن ﺣﺮﻣﺖ اﮐﻞ ﻣﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻃﻞ، ﺣﺮﻣـﺖ ﻏﺼـﺐ، ﺣﺮﻣـﺖ ﺗﻌـﺎون ﺑـﺮ اﺛـﻢ، اﺣﮑـﺎم ﻣﺼـﻠﺤﺖ و ﭘﻮﻟﺸﻮﯾﯽ را ﺣﺮام ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺣﻘﻮق داﻧﺎن ﻣﻌﺘﻘﺪﻧﺪ در ﻇﺎﻫﺮ، ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢ و ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﭘﻮل ﺷـﻮﯾﯽ، ﺑـﺎ ﻣﻔﻬـﻮم ﺑﺮﺧـﯽ ﻗﻮاﻋـﺪ ﻓﻘﻬـﯽ ﻧﻈﯿـﺮ ﻣﻠﮑﯿﺖ ﯾﺪ و ﻻﺿﺮر داراي ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺎرض ﻫﺎي ﻇﺎﻫﺮي، ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﭘﻮل ﺷﻮﯾﯽ را ﻣﻮرد ﺗﺸﮑﯿﮏ ﻗﺮار داده اﻧﺪ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮاﺟﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ آرا ﻓﻘﻬﺎ در اﯾﻦ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻓﻘﻬﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﯿﻨﯿﻢ، ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺎرﺿﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺗﺪاﺧﻼت ﻇﺎﻫﺮيِ ﻣﺴـﺘﻘﺮ ﺷـﺪه ﺑـﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از راه ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﺿﺮورت، ﻣﺼﺎﻟﺢ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ي اﺳﻼﻣﯽ و دﻓﻊ ﻇﻦ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﺑﻪ ﻇﻦ ﻗﻮي، ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد؛ و ﺧﻠﻠﯽ در ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻢ و ﯾﺎ ﺟﺮم اﻧﮕﺎري ﭘﻮل ﺷﻮﯾﯽ وارد ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ي ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اي ﺑﺎ روش ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﮔﺮدآوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

One of the new crimes which in criminal and civil law are being considered as a crime is money laundering. Jurist has prohibited this new crime based on some titles like prohibition of using other properties in a wrong way, prohibition of arrogation, prohibition of cooperation on sin, expediency laws and…. Some law scholars believe that: it seems that prohibition and considering as crime of money laundering is contradicting with some juridical formulas like possessive hand, no harm, and with regard to these apparent contradictions they have weakened crime considering of money laundering. After a survey on jurist theories, it came to result that there is no contradiction and the path that lead this research to that are: necessity, Islamic society's expediencies and repulse of weak doubt to powerful doubts. This essay has written by library method and it's descriptive