كاربردهاي لجن فاضلاب در كشاورزي

Applications of sewage sludge in agriculture

رﺷﺪ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮي و ﭘﺪﯾﺪ آﻣـﺪن ﮐـﻼن ﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎ، ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺘﯽ و دﺧﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﯽروﯾﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ در ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺖ، ﻣﻮج ﻣﺼﺮفﮔﺮاﯾﯽ ﻫﻤﮕﺎم ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﮑﻨﻮﻟﻮژي ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﻮاد زاﺋﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﻣﺘﻨﻮع ﺑﺎ ﻃﯿﻒ وﺳـﯿﻊ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺴﯿﺎري از ﻣـﻮاد ﺟﺎﻣـﺪ زاﺋـﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﯿـﺪ ﺷـﺪه ﺧﺼﻮﺻـﺎً از ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺷـﻬﺮﻫﺎ، وارد ﻫـﻮا و ﺧـﺎك ﺷﺪه و ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﺎً ﺳﺒﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ ﺷﺪهاﻧﺪ. اﻣﺮوزه اﺑﺪاع ﺷـﯿﻮه ﻫـﺎي ﻧـﻮﯾﻦ ﻣـﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎي زراﻋﯽ ﮐﻢﻧﻬﺎده ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر دﺳﺖ-ﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻫﺪاف ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﭘﺎﯾﺪار و ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ، اﻫﻤﯿﺖ وﯾـﮋه اي ﭘﯿـﺪا ﮐﺮده اﺳﺖ. ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب داراي ﻣﺎده آﻟﯽ ﻓﺮاوان و ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺿﺮوري ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎه ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻧﯿﺘﺮوژن و ﻓﺴﻔﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﺎﺿـﻼب ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﮐـﻮد در زﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﺮﺗﺮيﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي، ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﻧﯿـﺰ ﺑﺮاي رﻓﻊ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺖﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ آن اﺳﺖ. ﻣﺤـﺪودﯾﺖ اﺻـﻠﯽ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﻟﺠـﻦ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب وﺟﻮد ﻏﻠﻈﺖﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﻓﻠﺰات ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺮب و ﮐﺎدﻣﯿﻮم ﻣـﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻟﺠﻦ ﻓﺎﺿﻼب در زﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑـﺎ در ﻧﻈـﺮ ﮔـﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﻣﻀﺮ آن ﺻـﻮرت ﮔﯿـﺮد و ﺣﻔـﻆ ﺳـﻼﻣﺖ ﻣﺼـﺮف ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﺎﯾﺪ در اوﻟﻮﯾﺖ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫـﺎ ﺑﺎﺷـﺪ . در اﯾـﻦ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎر ﺳﻌﯽ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻨﺒﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﻔﯿﺪ و ﻣﻀﺮ ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ﻟﺠـﻦ ﻓﺎﺿـﻼب در ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد.

Indiscriminate population growth, especially in urban areas and the emergence of metropolises, population concentration and involuntary human intervention in nature, the wave of consumerism along with the advancement of technology has led to the production of diverse solid waste with a wide range in the world. Many of the wastes produced, especially from industrial activity, have entered the air and soil due to population growth, urban development, and ultimately pollution. Nowadays, the development of new methods of managing resource utilization and the use of low-input farming systems in order to achieve sustainable agricultural goals and environmental protection has become particularly important. Sewage sludge is rich in organic matter and essential elements needed by plants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The use of sewage sludge as fertilizer in agricultural fields, in addition to having economic advantages, is also a good option to solve its environmental problems. The main limitation of wastewater sludge consumption is the presence of high concentrations of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. The use of sewage sludge in agricultural fields should be done by considering all its beneficial and harmful aspects, and maintaining the health of consumers of agricultural products should be a priority in all programs. This article tries to examine the useful and harmful aspects of the use of sewage sludge in agriculture.