بررسي نشاط معنوي در سلوك عارفانه‌ي عطار

Introductions to Surrealism in the Journey to Worship, Al-Tair Region and the Third Book of Masnavi Manavi

مايه­ هاي نشاط معنوي در سلوك عارفانه عطار و عشق و درد و غـم و شادي و فـراق و وصال است . آثار اين عارف شوريده دل تا بدان حد به اين عطيه­ هاي آسماني آميخته است كه درد و عشق را بايد بن مايه و جوهره­ي شعر او ناميد . عارفان ، آغاز آفرينش را با تجلي الهي و ظهور عشق توام مي­ دانند و عطار از درد و غمي سخن مي­ گويد كه تنها وقف دل آدمي است . محوريّت انديشه­ ي عطار بر عشق و درد و غم و اشك و خون است او عشق را در گرو سه حالت مي­ داند يكي اشك دوم آتش سوم خون فرشتگان را داراي عشق مي­ داند ­؛ امّا درد را مختص انسان دانسته است. نگرش خاص شيخ به عشق كه مقوله اصلي و پايه­ اي عرفان است، سبب گرديده كه در بسياري از موضوعات عرفاني با ديگران متفاوت باشد وي در به­ كارگيري اصطلاحات عرفاني نيز شيوه ­ي خاص خودش را دارد . اوكه با مداقه در مباني سلوك اين منـازل را به روشني تـوصيف نموده، در سرودهاي خويش بارها به خاستگاه سلوك معنوي پرداخته است. و نتيجه­ ي تجربيات روحي و معنوي خود را با بياني رسا و شيوا در اختيار مشتاقان و عاشقان دردمند قرار داده است .

The Theory of Surrealism by the French Founder; Andre Burton and his entourage were raised; It did not take shape on its own, and many contexts and prefaces played a role in its formation. Among those fields, we can mention philosophical fields, irrationality, norm-breaking, and discovery and intuition. Among the foreword, we can mention the theories of Socrates, Plato, the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Jung, the theories of Dadaism, Romanticism and especially the poetry of ancient Iranian Sufis. Forewords that Sanai, Attar and Rumi followed in their poems following Sufi elements and Sufi poetry; It has had the greatest discourse affinity with surreal theory and elements. Accordingly, the present study has felt the necessity of examining surrealist prefaces in the Masnavi of Sir al-Ebad al-Ma'ad, the Al-Tair region of the third book of the Masnavi Manavi with almost the same quantity. Therefore, it intends to use the descriptive-analytical method in order to develop surrealist elements in the researched works with the aim of development. Preliminary results of the research indicate that the prefaces of surrealist elements in the studied Masnavi are explicit and implicit. So that the three famous mystic poets explicitly mentioned the same elements in their poems as important accessories and elements of mysticism, and sometimes with allusions, metaphors and allegorical and symbolic metaphors, they introduced the elements of mysticism, which were also common in the theory of surrealism.