خواستني ئاراستەيي له شيعري عەبدوڵڵا پەشێودا

Orientational Metaphors in Abdullah Pashew’s Poetry

خواستني ئاراستەيي جۆرێكه له سێ جۆري خواستني واتايي كه سەرەتا جۆرج لەيكاف و مارك جانسۆن له هەشتاكاني سەدەي بيستدا به ڕاشكاوي باسيان لێوه كرد و ڕايان­گەياند كه خواستن يەكێ له بنەماكاني نەك هەر زماني شيعر و ئەدەب، بەڵكوو زماني ڕۆژانەشه. له خواستني ئاراستەييدا لايەن و ڕووگەيەك هەست دەكرێ كه واتانوێن يان واتاسازه و زۆرتر دووتەوەري يان دووجەمسەرييه. ئەندێشەي لەيكاف و جانسۆن دواتر بوو به تيۆرييەك و چوارچێوه و بنەماگەلي تايبەت به خۆي بۆ داڕێژرا. ئەم لێكۆڵينەوه به ڕێبازي كتێبخانەيي و بەڵگەيي دەيهەوێ خواستني ئاراستەيي و نموودەكاني و جێگەوپێگەي له شيعري عەبدوڵڵا پەشێودا وەك شاعيرێكي نوێخواز و بيرمەند كه زماني شيعرييەكەي نزيكه له زماني ڕۆژانەي خەڵكەوه، لێكبداتەوه. به پێي ئەنجامي لێكۆڵينەوەكه، شيعري پەشێو به هۆي دەوڵەمەندبووني له ڕووي زاراوه و دەستەواژه و وێناي كەم­وێنەي خەياڵييەوه كانگايەكي هێژايه بۆ خواستني ئاراستەيي. نموونەكاني ئەم خواستنه له شيعري پەشێودا زۆرتر دووتەوەري/جەمسەرين و له نموونە تەوەرگەلي سەر/خوار، دوور/نزيك، پێش/پاش و بەرز/نزم و چەند دوانەيەكي تر پێكهاتوون.

Orientational metaphor is one kind of the three types of conceptual metaphor. It was introduced by Lakoff and Johnson for the first time in the 1980s. They argue that metaphor is a fundamental element not only in the language of poetry and literature but also in everyday language. The direction in the orientational metaphor is apparently meaningful and often biaxial and bipolar. Lakoff and Johnson’s ideas evolved later and developed into a theory with the required principles and foundations. This research, using a descriptive-documentary method, seeks to study the orientational metaphor and its position in Abdullah Pashew’s poetry as a prominent intellectual modernist Kurdish poet. The language of Pashew’s poetry is literary and culturally rich and at the same time close to the daily language of people and for this reason, it contains a vast number of words and idioms, and literary and technical terms and phrases. The samples of the orientational metaphor in his poetry are mostly biaxial/polar and are presented in above/below, far/near, forward/back, long/short forms, and other similar binary directions.