مطالعه و ارزيابي مولفه هاي اخلاق زيستي ديني در كتب درسي علوم دوره ابتدائي

Study and Evaluation of Components of Religious Bioethics in Elementary School Science Textbooks

پژوهش ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي درﺳﯽ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ دوره اﺑﺘﺪاﯾﯽ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. روش ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ در اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ وﻧﻤﻮﻧﮥ آﻣﺎري در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﮐﺘﺐ ﻋﻠﻮم ﺳﺎل اول ﺗﺎ ﺷﺸﻢ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ اﺑﺘﺪاﺋﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي ﮐﺘﺎب ﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ: ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺗﺼﺎوﯾﺮ، ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻫﺎ، ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻒ و آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺟﺪول ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎي اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس 4 اﺻﻞ ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ اﺻﻞ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ، اﺻﻞ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ، اﺻﻞ زﯾﺎﻧﺒﺎر ﻧﺒﻮدن )ﻻﺿﺮر( و اﺻﻞ اﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﻓﺮدي ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 4475 ﮔﺰاره ﻫﺎي ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ 648 ﮔﺰاره )15%( ﺑﻪ اﺻﻞ اﺻﻮل ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﺷﺎره ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. اﺻﻞ ﻋﺪاﻟﺖ ﺑﺎ 220 ﮔﺰاره )4/9%(، اﺻﻞ رﺿﺎﯾﺖ ﺑﺎ 218 ﮔﺰاره )4/8%(، اﺻﻞ ﻻﺿﺮر ﺑﺎ 210 ﮔﺰاره )4/7%( و اﺻﻞ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺣﺮﯾﻢ ﺷﺨﺼﯽ، ﻣﻨﺰﻟﺖ ﻓﺮدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ و ﺣﺎﮐﻤﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ 12 ﮔﺰاره )0/2%( ﻣﻄﺮح ﮔﺮدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺪوﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺐ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺤﺘﻮاﯾﯽ اﻧﺴﺠﺎم ﻻزم وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪارد و در ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎي ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ اﺧﻼق زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. و در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺤﺼﯿﻠﯽ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﺘﻦ، ﺗﺼﻮﯾﺮ و ﭘﺮﺳﺶ ﻧﯿﺰ دﻗﺖ ﻻزم وﺟﻮد ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

The aim of this study has been to review the textbooks of experimental sciences in elementary school in terms of attention to the components of bioethics. The research method in this research work is content analysis. Society and statistical sample in this research are science books for the first to sixth years of elementary school, in which all the contents of the books, including: writings, pictures, questions, assignments and experiments, have been examined. Content analysis table is prepared using bioethics components based on 4 basic principles including the principle of justice, the principle of satisfaction, the principle of non-harmlessness and the principle of individual independence with respect to privacy, personal and social status and sovereignty. The results of this study indicate that out of a total of 4475 analyzable propositions, 648 propositions (15%) refer to the basic principles of bioethics. The principle of justice with 220 propositions (4.9%), the principle of satisfaction with 218 propositions (4.8%), the principle of no harm with 210 propositions (4.7%) and the principle of privacy, personal and social dignity and sovereignty with 12 propositions (0.2%) has been raised. The results also show that there is no necessary coherence in compiling books in terms of content coherence and in some academic years one or more components of bioethics have not been considered. an‎d in terms of how to present the concepts in different academic years in the form of text, images and questions, there has been no necessary care.