تاثير تمرينات مقاومتي بر سطح پلاسمايي اندوتلين 1 و فشار خون مردان سالمند

The Effect of Resistance Training on Plasma Levels of Endothelin 1 and Blood Pressure in Older Men

اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺳﻠﻮلﻫﺎي اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﺎل ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻗﻮيﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﻨﮓﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 و راﺑﻄﻪ آن ﺑﺎ ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد. روش ﮐﺎر: در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 30 ﻣﺮد ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ )ﺑﺎ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺳﻨﯽ 62/28±8/08 ﺳﺎل، ﻗﺪ 170±6/85 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﯽﻣﺘﺮ، وزن 76±12/09 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم، ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺗﻮده ﺑﺪن 26/30±4/12 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ دور ﮐﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻟﮕﻦ 0/92±0/4( ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﮔﺮوه 15 ﻧﻔﺮه ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮوه ﺗﺠﺮﺑﯽ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ، ﺳﻪ ﺟﻠﺴﻪ در ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪت 45 ﺗﺎ 65 درﺻﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺗﮑﺮار ﺑﯿﺸﯿﻨﻪ را اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ. ﻗﺒﻞ و ﺑﻌﺪ از 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ، ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎي اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1، ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ و دﯾﺎﺳﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮي ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات درون ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ازآزﻣﻮن t ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ و ﺗﻔﺎوتﻫﺎي ﺑﯿﻦ ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از آزﻣﻮن t ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ و ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 و ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن از ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﺳﻮن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري ﮐﻤﺘﺮ از 0/05 در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ: ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ )0/002 = P(. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ )0/001 = P(، اﻣﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ در ﻓﺸﺎر ﺧﻮن دﯾﺎﺳﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻣﻌﻨﺎدار ﻧﺒﻮد )0/082 = P(. ﺑﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 و ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﺧﻮن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ و ﻣﻌﻨﺎداري وﺟﻮد داﺷﺖ )0/510 = P = 0/019 ،R(. ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل، ﺑﯿﻦ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 و ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن دﯾﺎﺳﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﮕﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ )0/375 = P = 0/105 ،R(. ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮي: ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ 8 ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 و ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﺑﻮﯾﮋه ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻮﻟﯿﮏ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ. از اﯾﻦ رو ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽرﺳﺪ ﯾﮏ دوره ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﭘﺮوﺗﮑﻞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﻓﺸﺎرﺧﻮن ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﯾﯽ اﻧﺪوﺗﻠﯿﻦ 1 ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎي ﻗﻠﺒﯽ- ﻋﺮوﻗﯽ و اﯾﺠﺎد ﭘﺮﻓﺸﺎري ﺧﻮن ﻣﺮدان ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Endothelin 1, which is secreted by vascular endothelial cells, has been identified as the most potent vasoconstrictor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a course of endothelin-1 plasma resistance training and its relationship with blood pressure in older men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 elderly men (mean age 62.28 ± 8.08 years, height 170 ± 6.85 cm, weight 76 ± 12.09 kg, body mass index 26.30 ± 4.12 kg/M2, and WHR 0.92 ± 0.4) were purposively selected and randomly divided into two groups of control (N = 15) and experimental (N = 15). Plasma levels of endothelin-1, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and after eight weeks of exercise. An independent t-test was used to examine intra-group differences and inter-group differences, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to investigate the relationship between endothelin-1 and blood pressure. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: This study showed that eight weeks of resistance training significantly reduced the plasma levels of endothelin 1 in older men (P = 0.002). Also, eight weeks of resistance training significantly reduced the systolic blood pressure of older men (P = 0.001), but the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was not significant (P = 0.082). There was a direct and significant correlation between the concentration of endothelin one and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.0510, R = 0.019). However, no correlation was observed between endothelin 1 concentration and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.375, R = 0.055). Conclusions: According to the research results, eight weeks of resistance training seems to be associated with decreased plasma levels of endothelin one and a decrease in blood pressure, especially systolic blood pressure. Therefore, it seems that a resistance training course according to the present study protocol can be useful in lowering blood pressure following endometrial plasma levels as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and hypertension in older men.