بررسي و داوري ادله بي‌اعتباري روايت ليلة‌الرغائب

An analysis and judgment about the invalidity of the Traditions of Laylat al-Raghā'ib

در روايتي از پيامبر6 اولين شب جمعه ماه رجب، به ليلة‌الرغائب موسوم شده و برگزاري نمازي خاص در اين شب سفارش شده است. بر پايه اين روايت، از ديرباز اعمال خاص اولين شب جمعه ماه رجب مورد توجه بسياري از متشرعان بوده و هست. از حدود قرن هفتم به بعد، در اصالت روايت، ‌نامگذاري اين شب به ليلة‌الرغائب و برگزاري نماز آن، ترديدها و انتقاداتي شكل گرفت و گسترش يافت. تعداد قابل توجهي از حديث‌پژوهان اهل‌تسنن در اثبات بي‌اعتباري اين روايت كوشيده و برگزاري نماز رغائب را بدعت خوانده‌اند، اما شيعي‌مذهبان كمتر به مناقشه در اين روايت پرداخته‌ و بسياري از آنان بر اساس قاعده تسامح به استحباب يا جواز برگزاري نماز رغائب حكم كرده‌اند. بررسي‌ها نشان مي‌دهد كه اگر چه طرق موجود از اين روايت، متقن نيست، اما شواهدي گواه بر آن است كه منابعي در قرون نخستين و پيش از قرن چهارم به نقل آن پرداخته‌اند و انتقادات وارد شده، بر محتواي اين روايت استوار نبوده و دلالت روايت خالي از اشكال است.

According to a prophetic hadith the first Friday Eve of the month of Rajab has been named Laylat al-Raghā'ib (eve of wishes) and offering a particular prayer in it has been prescribed. Based on this tradition the particular practices of the first Friday Eve of the month of Rajab have been considered for long by numerous pious Muslims. From nearly the 7th/13th century onward, certain doubts and criticisms have been developed and spread about the authenticity of this tradition as well as the naming of this eve Laylat al-Raghā'ib in addition to performing its particular prayer. A remarkable number of Sunni scholars of hadith have attempted to prove the invalidity of this tradition, and have called the offering of the prayer of this eve as an innovation (bid`ah). The Shi'a scholars, however, have less often disputed the validity of this tradition. Having relied on the rule 'leniency in the reasons of recommended acts' (al-tasāmuḥ fi adillat al-sunan) many of them have ruled the preferability or permissibility of performing the prayer of Laylat al-Raghā'ib. The investigations show that the present transmission paths (ṭuruq) of this tradition do not enjoy adequate reliability, however, there exist proofs indicating that this tradition has been transmitted in certain sources in the early Islamic centuries namely before the fourth/tenth century. Therefore, the criticisms made on the content of it are not considered strong and indisputable, so the denotation of this tradition is perfect.