كليدواژه :
ورزش مغزي , سالمندان , انعطافپذيري , عملكرد شناختي
چكيده فارسي :
مقدمه: انعطافپذيري شناختي به عنوان توانمندي فرد در برقراري تعادل زيستي و رواني در شرايط خطرناك است و با افزايش سن كاهش مي‌يابد. تمريناتي كه بتواند انعطافپذيري شناختي را بهبود ببخشند از اهميت زيادي برخوردارند. هدف اين پژوهش، بررسي اثربخشي يك دوره تمرينات ورزش مغزي بر انعطافپذيري شناختي مردان سالمند بود.
روش كار: پژوهش حاضر نيمه آزمايشي با طرح پيش‌آزمون_پس‌آزمون و گروه كنترل بود. جامعه آماري كليه سالمندان مرد عضو كانون بازنشستگان شركت نيشكر شهر شوش در سال 1397 بودند كه از ميان آنان 30 شركت‌كننده به صورت تصادفي و در دسترس انتخاب و در دو آزمايش و كنترل قرار گرفتند (هر گروه 15 نفر). گروه آزمايش طي هشت هفته، هفته‌اي دو جلسه 30 دقيقه‌اي به اجراي تمرينات ورزش مغزي پرداختند. از آزمون دسته‌بندي كارت ويسكانسين را براي ارزيابي انعطافپذيري شناختي استفاده شد. داده‌ها به وسيله آزمون تحليل كوواريانس يكراهه در سطح معناداري (05/0≥P) به كمك نرم‌افزار SPSS-25 تحليل شد.
يافته‌ها: نتايج نشان‌دهندۀ وجود تفاوت معنادار بين گروه آزمايش و كنترل انعطافپذيري شناختي بود (01/0>P). با توجه به مقادير ميانگين گروه‌ها مشخص شد كه گروه آزمايش داراي انعطافپذيري شناختي بهتري نسبت به گروه كنترل بود.
نتيجه‌گيري: نتايج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد كه يك دوره تمرينات ورزش مغزي موجب افزايش انعطافپذيري شناختي سالمندان ميشود. بنابراين به مربيان و شاغلين در حوزه سالمندان پيشنهاد ميشود براي بهبود انعطافپذيري از اين روش جديد تمريني استفاده شود.
چكيده لاتين :
Introduction: The phenomenon of aging, according to the definition of the World Health Organization, refers to the age of 60, which is the result of the natural course of time, and leads to physiological, psychological and social changes in the elderly understanding the problems of aging is a challenge to any community. Cognitive disorders are among the most common problems in old age and have an extensive range of problems. Studies show that about 5% of people 65 and older have a severe cognitive impairment. Flexibility requires the ability to communicate with the present and differentiate oneself from thoughts and experiences within the psyche. Cognitive flexibility is considered an individual's ability to making equilibrium between psychological and well-being factors in hazardous conditions and decreases with aging. Therefore, the exercises that improve the ability of cognitive flexibility are essential. Brain exercises develop neural pathways in the brain through movement. This method can improve cognitive, psychological, and motor functions, including cognitive flexibility, self-confidence, self-esteem, coordination, and concentration. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of brain gym exercises on the cognitive flexibility of the male elderly.
Methods: The present study method was semi-experimental with a pre-posttest design and a control group. To this end, 30 elder men were selected by the convenience sample method and randomly divided into two experimental (average mean: 85.7±4.41 years old) and control (average mean: 80.77±3.24 years old) groups. In the course of eight weeks, the experimental group conducted two sessions and each 30-minute session to perform the brain gym exercises. Inclusion criteria for performing the present protocol were: the age of 61 and older, no Alzheimer's (cognitive decline), the capacity to follow the set of instructions, ability to exercise, had no severe mobility problems, participated voluntarily in the study, and completed a consent form. Exclusion criteria included: not having enough motivation, not doing the movements correctly, and not attending training sessions regularly. The Wisconsin Card Storing Test was used to evaluate the flexibility of the participants. All the principles of ethics in research have been observed in this research. Participants were aware of the research’s purpose and were assured of the principle of information confidentiality. In addition, their informed written consent was obtained, and they could refuse to participate in the study if they wished. All stages of the present study were performed under the ethics principles in the research of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz with the code of ethics EE/99.3.02.5277/scu.ac.ir
Results: Data were analyzed by a one-way ANCOVA test at a significant level P≤0.05. The covariance analysis results revealed there was a significant difference between the performances of the two groups at post-test (P≤0.01) that favored the experimental group.
Conclusion: The present study results showed that a period of brain exercise training increases the cognitive flexibility of the elderly. According to obtained findings, performing long-term brain gym exercises can be an effective intervention to improve cognitive functions in elderly with cognitive flexibility disorder.
