نقد محتوايي احاديث ناظر به جنين‌شناسي، با تأكيد بر مصداق‌شناسي ترابط علم و دين

A Critical Study of Islamic Hadiths Relating to Embryology: with Special Focus on Verification of the Relations Between Science and Religion

هدف: مقالة پيش رو در صدد ارزيابي محتواييِ رواياتي بود كه در آنها نكاتي در زمينة مسائل علم جنين‌شناسي بيان شده است و رويكرد آن، يافتن جايگاه اين روايات در مصداق‌شناسي نحوة رابطة متقابل علم و دين بود. روش: با بررسي منابع كتابخانه‌ايِ معتبر در حوزة جنين‌شناسي و جستجو در تفاسير اثري و منابع روايي فريقين، مطالعة تطبيقي صورت گرفت و گزاره‌هاي روايي متعارض با يافته‌هاي علوم تجربي از رواياتي كه با يافته‌هاي علمي توافق و حتي بر آنها تقدّم دارند، متمايز شدند. يافته‌ها: با بررسي تطبيقي ميان روايات اسلامي و يهودي و دستاوردهاي علمي، تعارض خرافات و جعليّات اسرائيلي با علم، و نفوذ اين خرافات به برخي روايات اسلاميِ ناظر به جنين‌شناسي اثبات شد. براي مثال، زمانبندي 30 يا 40 روزه براي «نطفه»، «علقه» و «مضغه» و همچنين تعيين زمان چهار ماهگي براي تعيين جنسيّت جنين در اين روايات، در تعارض با يافته‌هاي علمي و تجربي مي‌باشند و اين تعارض، عدم اعتبار برخي گزاره‌هاي رواييِ منسوب به دين را ثابت مي‌كند. اما تعيين زمان 9روزگي براي لانه‌گزيني نطفه در روايت امام باقر(ع) يك اعجاز علمي محسوب مي‌شود. نتيجه‌گيري: علاوه بر اثبات شمول علم امام معصوم نسبت به تكوينيّات و توافق علم و دين، عدم تعارض علم برهاني و گزارة ديني معتبر از نظر محتوا و سند تأييد مي‌شود.

Objectives: The present article attempts to do content evaluations of some of those Islamic hadiths which relate to the science of Embryology; it aims to determine the place and position of these hadiths which may verify the mutual relationship between science and religion. Method: For the purpose of research, through studying reliable sources of Embryology on the one hand, and investigating the books of exegesis (Qur’nic Interpretation) and the sources of hadiths of the two Islamic sects on the other, a comparative study was carried out. Those hadiths which contradict with the findings of experimental sciences were distinguished and separated from those hadiths which are compatible with experimental sciences, or are even prior over them. Results: Having determined the reliability of these hadiths and studying the findings of Embryology, through comparative study of Islamic hadiths and Judish narrated (false) hadiths, and the related scientific findings, the discrepancies between the superstitious and Israeli (false) hadiths with science, and the influence of these superstitions in some Islamic hadiths relating to Embryology were proven. For instance, the schedule of 30 or 40 days for such concepts as “sperm-drop”, “blood-clot”, and “the lump” (of flesh), as well as determining a time of 4 months for sex-determination (in womb), are in contradiction with these hadiths are also in contradiction with scientific and experimental findings; these contradictions prove the unreliability and unauthenticity of some related hadiths attributed to religion. In other words, these premises are not representatives of religion and, thus, do not prove any contradiction between science and religion. However, determining 9 days for sperm-nesting in a hadiths narrated from Imam Bagher (PBUH) is considered as a scientific miracle. Conclusion: In addition to proving the inerrant Imam’s embracing knowledge of the worlds of creation, and the agreement between science and religion, the non-contradiction of intellectual knowledge and authentic religious premises in terms of content and document is proven.