تاثير جهاني شدن بر توسعه بيمه‌‌‌‌هاي بازرگاني: مطالعه مقايسه اي بين كشورهاي چشم انداز ايران و توسعه يافته

Impact of Globalization on the Development of Commercial Insurance: A Comparative Study Between Perspective Countries of Iran and Developed Countries

پديده ادغام جهاني نه تنها از جنبه اقتصادي بلكه از جنبه‌‌‌‌هاي سياسي و اجتماعي رويدادي غير قابل انكار مي باشد كه كليه متغيرها و شاخص‌‌‌‌هاي كشورها را تحت تأثير قرار ميدهد. كشورهايي كه نتوانند از اين پديده استقبال كنند از موهبت‌‌‌‌هاي آن محروم خواهند بود. صنعت بيمه به عنوان يكي از مهمترين رئوس مثلث توسعه مالي متأثر از پديده جهاني شدن مي‌باشد. بنا به اهميت موضوع، پژوهش حاضر با بهره گيري از رهيافت گشتاورهاي تعميم يافته، اثرات ثابت و تصادفي به بررسي تأثير ادغام جهاني از جوانب اقتصادي، سياسي و اجتماعي كشورها بر ضريب نفوذ بيمه، ضريب نفوذ بيمه هاي زندگي و ضريب نفوذ بيمه هاي غيرزندگي در دو گروه كشورهاي توسعه يافته و كشورهاي چشم انداز ايران در طول دوره 2017-1997 مي پردازد. نتايج حاصل اكيداً بر تأثير معنيدار شاخص‌‌‌‌هاي جهاني‌شدن بر روي ضريب نفوذ بيمه اشاره دارد. برخلاف كشورهاي توسعه يافته كه كليه جوانب جهاني‌شدن به خصوص جهاني شدن اجتماعي بر ضريب نفوذ بيمه تأثير دارد، در كشورهاي چشم انداز ايران جهاني‌شدن صرفاً از بعد اقتصادي و سياسي بيشتر ضريب نفوذ بيمه را تحت تأثير قرار ميدهد. به علت سهم بالاي بيمه هاي زندگي در كشورهاي توسعه يافته، اثر جهاني شدن بر اين گروه بيمه اي چشمگيرتر از كشورهاي چشم انداز ايران مي باشد.

Introduction Globalization is an undeniable phenomenon that affects all variables and indicators of countries not only economically but also politically and socially. Countries that cannot accept this phenomenon will be deprived of their blessings. The insurance industry is one of the most important outlines of the financial development triangle that is affected by the phenomenon of globalization. Over the past 30 years, globalization in business markets has developed so much that its role in the financial markets cannot be denied. The time and place barriers that insurers and reinsurers defined for themselves no longer make sense. Facilitating the process of globalization in the insurance industry allows international insurance companies to have an active presence in the markets of developed countries, especially developing countries, which warms the competition between domestic and international insurers. The phenomenon of globalization in developing countries can have different effects on the insurance industry, which can lead to the development of the insurance industry in the face of international competition or weaken the insurance industry in developing countries. Considering the importance of the subject in the present study, the effect of globalization on the insurance industry in the "developing countries of the Iran Vision Region" and "developed countries" is comparatively investigated. Theoretical framework Many studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of globalization indicators on economic, social, political, etc. variables, which often point to the importance of this phenomenon. Some studies have also cited this phenomenon as a threat to some developing societies. There have been few studies on the impact of globalization on the insurance industry that has been mentioned in the literature of the present study. . The results of this research also point to the positive and significant effects of this phenomenon on the insurance industry. Successful examples of this phenomenon in the insurance industry include the performance of large international insurance companies such as AXA and Allianz in Mena countries, which have a large share of the market in these countries. They have also led to the growth of domestic insurance companies. The contradictory results of earlier studies on the impact of globalization on the insurance industry in developed countries and emerging markets show the need for the present study to see whether emerging countries stand up to this phenomenon to support the national insurance industry or, like developed countries. Pave the way for globalization. The contradictory results of earlier studies on the impact of globalization on the insurance industry in developed countries and emerging markets show the need for the present study. Should emerging countries stand up to globalization in order to support the national insurance industry? o‎r support globalization like developed countries. In the present study, using the mathematical model, the effect of globalization not only economically but also politically, socially, and in general on the penetration of insurance by life, non-life, and general insurance in the two groups of selected developed countries and groups of countries. Iran's perspective is examined. Methodology In the present study, based on standard econometric methods such as panel data and by using Eveiws and STATA software, we estimate the model and based on the results, we propose policies to develop the insurance industry. The following mathematical models are derived from the combined economic models of studies (Chiang & Yi-Bin, 2016), (AsadiGharagoz, et al., 2017) and (Williams & Balcilar, 2020). The mathematical and conceptual model of the research is described in Table 1: Table 1. Mathematical models of research