بررسي كاربردها و پتانسيل هاي اقتصادي درختچه استبرق (Calotropis procera)

Studying the uses and economic potentials of Calotropis procera

اﻣﺮوزه ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﺧﺸﮏﺳﺎﻟﯽ و ﺑﺤﺮان آب در ﺧﺎورﻣﯿﺎﻧﻪ و ﺑﻪوﯾﮋه در اﯾﺮان ﻣﻮﺟﺒﺎت ﻧﮕﺮاﻧﯽﻫﺎي ﺟﺪي را در ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺑﻪوﺟﻮد آورده اﺳﺖ. ﺧﺸﮏﺳﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺗﻬﺪﯾﺪي ﺟﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻘﺎي ﺣﯿﺎت ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ و ﺗﻤﺪن اﯾﺮان ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﭼﺎرهاﻧﺪﯾﺸﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﯾﮏ ﺿﺮورت اﺟﺘﻨﺎبﻧﺎﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺻﻼح ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ آﺑﯽ از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ در روﯾﮑﺮد ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﺑﺎ ﻧﯿﺎز آﺑﯽ اﻧﺪك و ﻣﺤﺪود از ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، ﻣﻘﺎوم و ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ، اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و ﺗﻮأم ﺑﺎ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ راهﮐﺎري ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ و ﺑﻬﯿﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. درﺧﺘﭽﻪ اﺳﺘﺒﺮق )Calotropis procera( ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ﺧﺎص ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﯾﻦ درﺧﺘﭽﻪ داراي ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪه در ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ، آﻓﺖ ﮐﺸﯽ، ﺳﻮﺧﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﺻﻨﻌﺖ و ﻣﺤﯿﻂزﯾﺴﺖ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﺳﺘﺒﺮق ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎزﮔﺎري ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﮐﻢآﺑﯽ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ و ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎي داروﯾﯽ و ﺻﻨﻌﺘﯽ ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺖ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎزده و ﭘﺮﻣﺼﺮف آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در زﻣﯿﻦﻫﺎ و ﻧﯿﺰ آبﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﮐﺸﺖ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ. ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪرﯾﺰي اﺻﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﮐﺎﺷﺖ، اﺣﯿﺎء، ﺑﻬﺮهﺑﺮداري و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه در ﻋﺮﺻﻪﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ و ﮐﺸﺎورزي ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﺆﺛﺮي در اﺷﺘﻐﺎلزاﯾﯽ و ﺗﺪاوم اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ روﺳﺘﺎﯾﯽ در ﻣﻌﺮض ﺗﻨﺶ آﺑﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

Today, the issue of droughts and the water crisis in the Middle East, and especially in Iran, has created serious concerns in society. Drought is a serious threat to the survival of society and civilization in Iran, the way to deal with this phenomenon is an inevitable necessity. Correcting water resources management through a change in the agricultural approach to products with little or no need for water through the identification of indigenous, resistant plants and with pharmaceutical, economic and conservation applications can be a suitable and optimal way. The Calotropis procera shrub can be a good option because of its specific characteristics. This shrub has the potential to be known for pharmaceutical applications, pesticides, biofuels, industry and the environment. Due to its high adaptability to environmental conditions and pharmaceutical and industrial applications, it can be a very economical substitute for low-yield and high-consumption alternative products. On the other hand, the plant can be cultivated well in the land as well as inappropriate water for agriculture. Principal planning for the development of planting, rehabilitation, exploitation, and conservation of this plant in the natural and agricultural spheres can be an effective contribution to the creation and continuation of rural economies' exposure to water stress