ويژگيهاي انواع مولدين ) SPF – SPR-SPT ( ميگوي پاسفيد ) Penaeus vannamei ( و تعيين بهترين گزينه بهعنوان ذخيره مولدين با هدف افزايش بازماندگي لارو و افزايش توليد در مزارع پرورش ميگو در استان هرمزگان

Characteristics of SPF,SPR & SPT of Penaeus vannamei and determination of the best choise of broodstock

ﭼﮑﯿﺪه ﻣﯿﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﭘﻨﺎﺋﯿﺪة ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ وﯾﮋﮔﯽﻫﺎي ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ و ﺑﻬﺪاﺷﺘﯽ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻧﻮع ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ و اﺳﺘﺮاﺗﮋي اﻣﻨﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ اﻋﻤﺎل ﺷﺪه در ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ، اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻼش ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ روش اﺟﺮاي SPR،SPF و SPT را ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﻨﺪ و رو ﺷﯽ ﺑﺮاي اﯾﺠﺎد ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ SPF از ﻣﯿﮕﻮﻫﺎي SPT و SPR در ﻣﻌﺮض وﯾﺮوس ﺳﻨﺪرم ﻟﮑﮥ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻦ ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺮاي ﭘﺮورش در ﻣﮑﺎنﻫﺎي ﺑﺎ اﻣﻨﯿﺖ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع از ذﺧﯿﺮه )SPF+SPT در ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ وﯾﺮوس ﻟﮑﻪ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ(، ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺟﺎﯾﮕﺰﯾﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﮐ ﺸﻮرﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ وﯾﺮوس ﻟﮑﻪ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و از ﻃﺮﻓﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﻓﻨﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯾﻪﮔﺬاري ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪ ﺑﻪ اﺳــﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ را ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ. اﺳــﺘﺮاﺗﮋيﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ورود وﯾﺮوس ﻣﯽﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﺳــﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﺟﺮاﯾﯽ ﺷﻮد. ا ﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﺮاﮐﺰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ و ﭘﺮورش ﻣﯿﮕﻮي ﭘﺎ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ در اﯾﺮان ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﺳﻄﺢ زﯾﺮ ﮐﺸﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن و ﺑﺮوز ﺑﯿﻤﺎريﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﻮن ﻟﮑﻪ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺎز ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻮﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﮑﺜﯿﺮ ﺑﯿﺶازﭘﯿﺶ اﺣﺴﺎس ﻣﯽﺷﻮد. در اﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﭘﻬﻨﻪﻫﺎي ﺑﺎز و ﺑﺰرگ در اﺳﺘﺨﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﺮورﺷﯽ )ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً 1 ﺗﺎ 2 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر( و اﺷـــﺘﺮاك ﺑﺴـــﯿﺎري از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ آب ورودي و ﻣﺤﻞ ﺗﺨﻠﯿﻪ ﭘﺴـــﺎبﻫﺎ در ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎي ﺑﺰرگ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﮐﻤﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﮐﻨﺘﺮل ورود ﺑﯿﻤﺎري ﻟﮑﻪ ﺳﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰارع وﺟﻮد دارد و ﮐﻨﺘﺮل و آﻣﺎده ﺳﺎزي آب ورودي و ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮي از ورود ﻧﺎﻗﻠﯿﻦ و ﺣﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ وﯾﺮوس ﺑ ﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﺸــﮑﻞ اﺳــﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪﻫﺎ در ﺧﺼــﻮص ﻣﻮﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﯿﮕﻮ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻧﻮع ﻣﻮﻟﺪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

Hormozgan province is the one of important centrals of shrimp breeding and culture. As regards of developing of Farms and outbreak of disease like WSSV in Hormozgan we need proprty broodstock.The sanitary and genetic characterization of farmed penaeid shrimp needs to be selected based on the type of culture system and biosecurity strategy applied. This paper attempts to define the concepts specific pathogen free (SPF), specific pathogen resistant (SPR) and specific pathogen tolerant (SPT) and presents the process for development of a combined approach where white-spot syndrome virus (WSSV) SPT/SPR animals were selected to create SPF stocks for use in a low-biosecurity facility. The success of this approach was proven when they were imported and adopted as the only stocks cultured in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia after the local species were wiped out by WSSV. Record national production has been achieved since their introduction and WSSV has been eradicated even from the wild population. It is suggested that this type of stock (WSSV SPT+SPF) could be an alternative for countries still impacted by WSSV that do not have the technical competence or the investment capacity to transform the industry to small intensive ponds where viral exclusion strategies could be implemented