تحليل داستان كوتاه عشق از اسماعيل فصيح و تطبيق آن با تابلويي از گوستاو كوبه، نقاش فرانسوي

The Analysis of the Short Story Love by Ismail Fasih and its Adaptation to the Tableau of French Painter Gustav Curbe

ﯽ از وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ادﺑﯿﺎت ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ، اﻣﮑﺎن ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺛﺮ ادﺑﯽ از ﻣﻨﻈﺮي ﻣﯿﺎن رﺷﺘﻪ اي اﺳﺖ. ﺑـﺪﯾﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ، ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﯾﮏ اﺛﺮ ادﺑﯽ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎري ﭼﻮن داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه را ﺑﺎ ﯾﮏ اﺛﺮ ﻫﻨﺮي دﯾـﺪاري ﻣﺜـﻞ ﺗـﺎﺑﻠﻮي ﻧﻘﺎﺷﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ داد و آن ﻫﺎ را در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﮐﺮد. ﯾﮑﯽ از اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻫـﺎ، ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴـﮥ دو اﺛﺮ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﯾﮥ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻫﻨﺮي ـ ادﺑﯽ اﺳـﺖ . اﺳـﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ ﻓﺼـﯿﺢ )1313ــ 1388( ﯾﮑـﯽ از ﭘﺮﮐـﺎرﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎن ادﺑﯿﺎت ﻣﻌﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﮥ ﺣﺪود ﭼﻬﻞ ﺳﺎل ﻗﻠﻢ زدن او، ﺑﯿﺴﺖ وﯾـﮏ رﻣـﺎن و ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه اﺳﺖ. »ﻋﺸﻖ« ﯾﮑﯽ از داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي دوﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﮥ داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻓﺼﯿﺢ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻨﻮان »ﺗﻮﻟﺪ/ ﻋﺸﻖ/ ﻋﻘﺪ/ ﻣﺮگ« )1351( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ داﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي او رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﺘﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐـﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴـﻨﺪه در آن ﺷﺨﺼﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ از ﻣﯿﺎن اﺷﺨﺎص ﻓﺮودﺳﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را در ﮐﺎﻧﻮن ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﻗـﺮار ﻣـﯽ دﻫـﺪ و از ﻓﻘـﺮ ﺑﯿﻤﺎري، ﺟﻬﻞ، ﺧﺮاﻓﺎت و ﻣﺮگ در ﻣﯿﺎن آن ﻫﺎ ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ، ﻟﺰوم ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻗﺸﺮ از ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﺮﻣﻨﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺰد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ داﺳﺘﺎن از ﺟﻬﺎﺗﯽ ﺷﺒﺎﻫﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮي ﻣﺸـﻬﻮر »ﺗـﺪﻓﯿﻦ در اُرﻧﺎن« اﺛﺮ ﮔﻮﺳﺘﺎو ﮐﻮرﺑﻪ، ﻧﻘﺎش ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮي دارد ﮐﻪ ﺧﻮد ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬار ﻣﮑﺘـﺐ ادﺑـﯽ رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴـﻢ ﺑـﻮد . در اﯾـﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، داﺳﺘﺎن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه »ﻋﺸﻖ« در ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻣﮑﺘﺐ رﺋﺎﻟﯿﺴﻢ، ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ، و ﻣﻀﺎﻣﯿﻦ ﻣﺸﺘﺮك آن ﺑـﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮي ﮔﻮﺳﺘﺎو ﮐﻮرﺑﻪ ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

One of the characteristics of comparative literature is the possibility to study literary work from a cross-sectional perspective. Thus, a literary work such as Short Story can be adapted to a visual work such as painting and we can analyze them in a specific framework. One of these frameworks is the comparison of two works based on artistic-literary schools. Ismail Fasih (1313-1388) is one of the most prolific writers of contemporary Persian literature that is the result of about forty years of his writing is twenty-five novels and four short story collections. Love is one of the stories of the second short story collection, “The Birth / Love / Marriage / Death” (1351), is realistic like most his stories that the author focuses on those characters from among the underdogs of the community and He speaks in them of poverty, disease, ignorance, superstition and death. He also reminds the artist of the need to address this stratum of society. This story is in some ways similar to the famous banners “A Burial at Ornans” by French painter Gustave Curbe who founded the literary school of realism. In this short story research, Love is analyzed in the framework of the rules of the school of realism and its common themes are also mentioned with the Gustave Curbé tableau.